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and Shear
February 5, 2003
CVEN 444
Lecture Goals
Spice
Shear
Shear Design
Bar Splices
Why do we need bar splices? -- for long spans
Types of Splices
1. Butted &Welded Must develop 125%
of yield strength
2. Mechanical Connectors
3. Lay Splices
Tension Lap Splices
Why do we need bar splices? -- for long spans
Types of Splices
1. Contact Splice
2. Non Contact Spice (distance 6 and 1/5
splice length)
Splice length is the distance the two bars are
overlapped.
Types of Splices
Class A Spice (ACI 12.15.2)
As provided
When 2 over entire splice
As req'd length.
and 1/2 or less of total reinforcement is
spliced win the reqd lay length.
Types of Splices
Class B Spice (ACI 12.15.2)
Lap Spices shall not be used for bars larger than No. 11.
(ACI 12.14.2)
Lap Spices should be placed in away from regions of
high tensile stresses -locate near points of inflection
(ACI 12.15.1)
Compression Lap Splice
(ACI 12.16.1)
ld 3 f y
d b 40 f c c K tr
d
b
Example Splice
Tension
The As(provided) /As(required) > 2, class ? splice applies;
ld 0.02 f y
0.003 f y
db fc
So use ls = ? in.
Shear Design
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
Look at the shear and
bending moment
diagrams. The acting
shear stress distribution
on the beam.
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
The acting stresses distributed across the
cross-section.
VQ
Ib
The shear stress
acting on the
rectangular beam.
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
The equation of the shear stress for a rectangular beam
is given as:
bh 3
I Moment of Inertia
VQ 12
2
Ib bh h bh
Q max *
2 4 8
Note: The maximum 3 V
1st moment occurs at max * 1.5 ave
the neutral axis (NA).
2 bh
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
The ideal shear stress distribution can be described as:
VQ
Ib
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
A realistic description of the shear distribution is shown
as:
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
The shear stress acting along the beam can be described
with a stress block:
Vs increases as cracks
widen until yielding of
stirrups then stirrups
provide constant
resistance.
Designing to Resist
Shear
Shear Strength (ACI 318 Sec 11.1)
Vn Vu
capacity demand
Vu factored shear force at section
Vn Nominal Shear Strength
0.75 shear strength reduction factor
Designing to Resist
Shear
Shear Strength (ACI 318 Sec 11.1)
Vn Vc Vs
More detailed V d
u
Vc 1.9 f c 2500 w b d
Note:
w
V d Mu
u 1
Eqn [11.5]
3.5 f c bw d
Mu
Shear Strength Provided by
Concrete
Bending and Axial Compression
Simple formula
Nu
Vc 2 1 f c bw d
Nu is positive for 2000 A
g Eqn [11.4]
compression and Nu/Ag
are in psi. Nu
3.5 f c bw d 1
500 Ag
Eqn [11.7]
Typical Shear
Reinforcement
Stirrup - perpendicular to axis of members
(minimum labor - more material)
Av f y d sin cos
Vs
s
ACI Eqn 11-15
Av f y d
90 Vs
o
s
Typical Shear
Reinforcement
Bent Bars (more labor - minimum material) see reqd
in 11.5.6
Av f y d sin cos
Vs
s
ACI 11-5.6
1.41Av f y d
45 Vs
o
s
Stirrup Anchorage
Requirements
Vs based on assumption stirrups yield
Stirrups must be well anchored.
Stirrup Anchorage
Requirements
Refer to Sec. 12.13 of ACI 318 for development of web
reinforcement. Requirements:
each bend must enclose a long bar
# 5 and smaller can use standard hooks 90o,135o, 180o
#6, #7,#8( fy = 40 ksi )
#6, #7,#8 ( fy > 40 ksi ) standard hook plus a
minimum embedment
Stirrup Anchorage
Requirements
bw s Av f ys
Av min 50 or smax for min Av
fy 50bw
Also: d
smax 24" 11.5.4
(Done) 2
Design Procedure for
Shear
(5) If Vu Vc , calulate Vs (req' d)
Vu Vn Vc Vs
Vu
Vs Vu Vc Vs Vc
Check:
Vs 8 f c bw d otherwise, illegal 11.5.4
Design Procedure for
Shear
(6) Solve for required stirrup spacing(strength)
Assume # 3, #4, or #5 stirrups
Av f ys d
s from 11-15
Vs
Design Procedure for
Shear
(7) Check minimum steel requirement (eqn 11-13)
Av f ys
smax
50bw
Design Procedure for
Shear
(8) Check maximum spacing requirement (ACI 11.5.4)
d
If Vs 4 f c bw d smax 24"
2
d
If Vs 4 f c bw d smax 12"
4
Note : If Vs 8 f c bw d illegal
Design Procedure for
Shear
(9) Use smallest spacing from steps 6,7,8
Compression fan
carries load directly
into support.
Location of Maximum Shear
for Beam Design
When:
1. The support reaction introduces compression
into the end regions of the member.
2. No concentrated load occurs with in d from
face of support .
Location of Maximum Shear
for Beam Design