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DATA SCIENCE HISTORY OF RECENT

POPULARITY
Mass Data New
Cheap Cloud Data
Big Data Analytics Science Analytic
Disks Computing Scientists
Tools Teams Insights

Cheap Disks & Big Data:

During the "dot-com" bubble of 1998-2000, hard drives became really cheap. The disk-data
interaction is a positive exponential cycle between buying ever more disks and accumulating
ever more data. This cycle produces big data. Big data is a term used to describe data sets so
large and complex that they become awkward to work with using regular database management
tools.

Cloud Computing:
Once acquired, we have to do something with the big data besides just store it. We need big
computing architectures. Companies like Google, Yahoo!, and Amazon invented the new
computing architecture, which we call cloud computing. One of the most important inventions
within cloud computing is called MapReduce. MapReduce has been codified into the software
known as Hadoop. We use Hadoop to do big computing on big data in the cloud. 1
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DATA SCIENCE HISTORY OF RECENT

POPULARITY
Mass Analytics Tools:
It turns out that Hadoop is difficult to do. It requires advanced computer science capabilities. This
opens up a market for the creation of analytics toolswith simpler interfacesthat run on top of
Hadoop. This class of tools are called Mass Analytic Toolsthat is, tools for the analysis of
massive data. Examples of these are recommender systems, machine learning, and complex
event processing. These tools, while having a simpler interface to Hadoop, have complex
mathematical underpinnings, which also require specialization.

Data Scientists & Teams:

So, with the advent of mass analytic tools, we need people to understand the tools and actually
do the analysis of big data. We call these people, Data Scientists. These people are able to
tease out new analytic insights never before possible in the world of small data. The scale of
problems that are solved by analyzing big data are such that no single person can do all the data
processing and analytic synthesis required. Therefore data science is best practiced in teams.

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DATA SCIENCE DRIVERLESS CARS HISTORY

1920s The Beginning Using a second (human operated) car:
The concept of driverless Cars was started by Francis P Houdina, an electrical engineer in the U.S.
Army (in 1925), with 1926 Chandler that was equipped with a transmitting antennae on the tonneau
and was operated by a second car that followed it and sent out radio impulses which were caught by
the transmitting antennae.

It was demonstrated in the streets of New York, Milwakee & Fredericksburg streets

1930s 1970s Using electronic circuits / wiring on the Road

For up to four decades, the research continued using electronic circuits or wiring on the road.

This was started by Norman Bel Geddes's Futurama exhibit sponsored by General Motors at the
1939 World's Fair in New York.

In early 1960s, the Bureau of Public Roads considered the construction of an experimental
electronically controlled highway. Four states - Ohio, Massachusetts, New York and California - were
bidding for the construction.

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DATA SCIENCE DRIVERLESS CARS HISTORY

1980s 1990s First Serious Attempt - Using Computer Vision:
The first serious attempts for building driverless vehicles started in the 1980s in Europe and the US.

In Germany, Ernst Dickmanns and his team at Bundeswehr University Munich designed a vision-
guided Mercedes-Benz robotic van, while in the US the DARPA-funded Autonomous Land Vehicle
(ALV) achieved the first road-following demonstration that used laser radar.

In May 1998, Toyota became the first to introduce an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system on a
production vehicle when it unveiled a laser-based system for its Progres compact luxury sedan,
which it sold in Japan

2000s Avoiding Obstacles

The major work was based on how the driverless Car can avoid obstacles such as Rocks and Trees.

In 2001, US Army demonstrated the working model and it was a good success. It involved multiple
vehicles and not only were individual vehicles controlled (e.g. throttle, steering, and brake), but
groups of vehicles had their movements automatically coordinated in response to high level goals.

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DATA SCIENCE DRIVERLESS CARS HISTORY

Recent Progress
In 2009, Google started developing its own self-driving cars.
Besides Google, many major automotive manufactures including General Motors, Mercedes Benz,
Toyota are also testing their driverless systems.

The latest technology uses highly sophisticated maps and the 64-beam laser system (mounted on
top). The laser allows the vehicle to generate a detailed 3D Map of its environment. The car then
takes these generated maps and combines them with high-resolution maps of the world, producing
different types of data models that allow it to drive itself.

Road Testing:
In May 2012, the state of Nevada issued the first-ever license to an driverless car, a Toyota Prius
modified with Google's experimental driverless technology.

In Sep, 2014, the California DMV issued 29 permits for testing the driverless cars on public roads.
Google won 25 permits.

Google Cars have driven 700,000 driverless miles with just 1 accident with a human operated Car.
Google claimed that it was caused by human operated Car only. 5
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DATA SCIENCE SPEECH RECOGNITION

HISTORY

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DATA SCIENCE ROBOTICS

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DIFF BETWEEN DATA ANALYTICS & DATA SCIENCE

Data Analytics:
Data analytics seeks to provide operational observations into
issues that we either know we know or know we dont know.
Descriptive analytics, for example, quantitatively describes the
main features of a collection of data. Predictive analytics, that
focus on correlative analysis,predicts relationships between known
random variables or sets of data in order to identify how an event
will occur in the future. For example, identifying the where to sell
personal power generators and the store locations as a function of
future weather conditions (e.g., storms). While the weather may
not have caused the buying behavior, it often strongly correlates to
future sales.

Data Science:
The goal of Data Science, on-the-other-hand, is to provide strategic
actionable insights into the world were we dont know what we
dont know. For example, trying to identify a future technology that
doesnt exist today, but will have the most impact on an
organization in the future. Predictive analytics in the area of
causation, prescriptive analytics (predictive plus decision science),
and machine learning are three primary means through which
actionable insights can be found. Predictive causal analytics 8

precisely identifies the cause for an event, take for example the