Nozzle Movement Calculation

MODULE - 3
Contents

Objective
Various Equipments
Distillation Columns
Information required to calculate nozzle growth
Manual calculation for skirt growth
Exchangers
Stacked Heat Exchangers
Centrifugal Pumps
Compressors
Contents

Reboilers
Storage Tanks
Air-coolers
Objective

Objective of this presentation is to understand basis of

nozzle movement calculation .
Basis of nozzle movement

Generally all the displacements are calculated at shell-

nozzle junction for all equipments unless otherwise
specified in project specification.
Temperatures for calculating nozzle growth are as per the
respective line temperatures taken from line-list.
 Columns
Following informations are required for nozzle movement
calculation for columns.
skirt height, skirt thickness,type of material and type of insulation.
Shell diameter, nozzle projection(In case displacement is to be
calculated at face of nozzle flange).
Temperature profile (To be given by process engineer).Incase
profile is not given it may be constructed using line-list
temperatures
Based on temperature of outlet nozzles of tower (as per Fluor
standard)
Based on temperature of all the nozzles which can affect
temperature profile of vessel.
 Column

Inlet lines having size greater than 3 only

need to be considered.
Foundation Settlement
Spread Sheet For Column
Columns
Skirt growth calculation
Determine the value of :
kh
Using chart no.1 gettthe value of F

Calculate T using:
T T - Ta
T ' F ( T)
T= Temp. at top of the skirt T ' T ' Ta
T= Average temp. of the skirt
Ta= Ambient temperature ( 70 Deg F )
Columns

t= thickness of skirt in inches

h=height of skirt in inches
k=1.0 for skirt fully insulated
k=1.7 for skirt firebrick insulated
k=2.7 for skirt not insulated
F=Temperature correction factor
Using the calculated average temperature
determine the growth of the skirt.
 Columns
Using the calculated average temperature of zones
determine the growth of the nozzles located in
respective zones.
For intermediate points between known
temperatures , use a straight line interpolation to
calculate temperature.
Exchanger

Exchanger dimensions, materials,anchor and

nozzle locations are taken from vendor drawings.
Average temperatures of shell and channel
sections are calculated from inlet and outlet
temperatures.
Horizontal movements:
for the nozzle located in shell region, average
temperature of shell is taken and for nozzles located
in channel section, shell average temperature is taken
till shell-channel junction, and after that channel
average temperature is taken.
Exchanger

Vertical movement
is calculated using the average temperature of the
region where nozzle is located.
The growth of saddle is ignored in the calculation of
nozzle movement.
Since the nozzle loads and moments are
calculated at the nozzle-shell junction the nozzle
movements are also calculated at the same point.
Spread sheet for exchanger
Stacked Heat Exchanger

First of all average temperature for shell side and

channel side is calculated for both the heat
exchangers. Stacked HE

For lower heat exchanger movements are

calculated exactly in the same manner as in case
of single heat exchanger.
For upper heat exchanger guidelines differ from
project to project.
Spread sheet for stacked heat exchanger(UE-1)
IOL-PRISM-project
Stacked Heat Exchanger

For calculating Vertical movement:

As per UE-1
Vertical movements for all the nozzles on upper
heat-exchanger is same. Movement for nozzle on
shell side is calculated and for others same value is
superimposed.
As per imperial-oil and Baton-Rouge
vertical movements for both the nozzles on channel
and shell section are calculated separately.
 Stacked Heat-Exchangers

For calculating Horizontal movement:

As per Ue-1
Horizontal movements for nozzles located on upper
heat exchangers are equal to the corresponding
nozzles on lower heat-exchanger provided both the
nozzles are located at the same distance from
anchor.
As per Imperial-oil
Movement on channel side nozzle is equal to
corresponding nozzle on lower heat-exchanger, while
for nozzle on shell side back calculation is made.
 Centrifugal pumps

Pump dimensions, configuration and nozzle

locations are taken from the vendors drawings.
Temperatures are normally taken from operating
temperatures on the line-list.
The point of zero movement is at the support of
the pump casing . This point is usually the
intersection of the centerline across the top of the
pedestals and the centerline of the pump shaft(for
centerline mounted).In some cases(foot
mounted) the support point is at the bottom of
casing and hence this is zero point.
Centrifugal pumps

From the point of zero growth calculate the

thermal movements of the nozzles.
Generally, pump is modeled as rigid element with
piping and point of zero movement is taken from
API 610 for different type of arrangements:
Side-suction Side-discharge
End-suction Top-discharge
Top-suction Top-discharge
Compressors
Compressor dimensions, configuration and nozzle
locations are taken from vendor the drawings.
Temperatures are normally taken from operating
temperatures shown on line-list.
Determine the anchor point from vendors drawing.
Based upon nozzle locations, a judgment
assumption is made as to which expansions are to
be based on an average temperature and which
are to be based on the operating temperature of
connecting nozzle.
Compressors

However the final nozzle displacements are to

be taken from the vendor drawings or are to
be approved by the pump vendor.
Vertical Reboilers

Reboilers may be supported from the adjacent

vessel or from independent structures from
grade.Most of the Reboilers supported from the
independent structures from grade are placed on
spring supports.
The horizontal reboiler support location depends
upon its relationship to the vessel. The support
location for the reboiler taken from the vessel is
closer to the tangentline of the vessel in
elevation.
Vertical Reboilers

Nozzle displacements for the inlet and outlet

nozzles to the vessels are not calculated but the
reboiler is modeled in stress package together
with the vessel.It is recommended that the nozzle
displacements for the other nozzles on the shell
of reboiler be taken from this model itself by
modelling them at their respective location.
Storage Tanks (API 650)

Vertical displacements are calculated from the

foundation top where the tank rests to the nozzle
centerline.Horizontal displacements are
calculated from the tank centerline.The average
temperature of inlet and outlet line from Line list is
considered for the calculation.
If any foundation settlement values are provided
by Civil Department those have to be considered
too.
Air Coolers

For air-coolers Header -Box is modeled and

temperature to be taken for analysis depends
upon configuration. For example:

Single pass where Inlet is on one side and outlet on

the other, respective temperatures to be considered.
Double pass where Inlet and outlet are located on the
same side , temperature of the inlet nozzle will be the
governing temperature.