Proceedings of the 6 International and 43 National Conference on Fluid Mechanics

International Conference on Advanced Material Technologies (ICAMT)-2016

Presented by
December 27-28, 2016, DIET, Visakhapatnam, A.P., India

Ravi Ranjan Kumar

Static Structural and Modal Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade

National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam,788010

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 Introduction
Modelling and Analysis
Results and Discussions
Conclusion & Future Scope
References

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 Introduction

Gas Turbine Engine is a machine which uses gaseous working fluid to produce Mechanical
power. It is an internal combustion engine like reciprocating Otto and diesel engine with
major difference that the Working fluid flows through gas turbine is continuous.

The basic mechanism of operation is as follows: -

a. The fluid flows directly into the device in an axial direction.
b. The stator blade turned the flow to line up it with the turbine blade.
c. The turbine blades turn the flow back towards axial direction and rotate the output shaft

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 Contd.

This paper is based on the problems concerning blade profile selection, material selection
and turbine rotor blade vibration that seriously impact the induced stress-deformation and
structural functioning of developmental gas turbine engine.

In this paper for generating specific power by rotating blade at specific RPM, blade profile
and material has been decided by static structural analysis. Gas turbine rotating blade RPM
is decided by Modal Analysis so that the natural frequency of blade should not match with
the excitation frequency.

For the above, blade profile has been modelled in SOLIDWORKS and analysis has been
done in ANSYS WORKBENCH 14. Existing NACA6409 profile has been selected as base
model and then it is modified by bending it through 72.5 and 145 . Hence these three
different blade profiles have been analyzed for three different materials viz. Super Alloy X,
Nimonic 80A and Inconel 625 at three different speed viz. 20000, 40000 and 60000RPM.

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 Modeling and analysis

Three models have been modelled using SOLIDWORKS software. First model is taken as
NACA 6409, second and third model is made by bending it through 72.5 and 145 angle.
Now static structural and modal analysis has been done on these three models in order to
get the suitable blade profile and material for generating desired power at certain speed.

Force Power Calculation

RPM 20000 40000 60000

Fa/Blade 4.3578N 56.9423N 13.0734N

Ft/Blade 695.97N 1401.6053N 2087.9336N

Power 55.0MW 221.9MW 495.89MW

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 Contd.

Centrifugal force Calculation at different speed & Material

Material Centrifugal Force at different speeds, Fc in N

20000RPM 40000RPM 60000RPM

Super alloy X 798196.132 3192784.53 7183765.19

Nimonic 80A 840260.421 3361041.68 7562344.07

Inconel 625 865909.396 3463637.58 7793184.86

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 Results and Discussions

Static Structural Analysis

At first static structural analysis has been done on NACA 6409 blade profile(A) at three
different speed 20000,40000 and 60000RPM of three different material and contour
obtained corresponding to Von Mises Stress and Total deformation are as follows: -
Max Stress-25189Mpa Max Def.-3.4398mm

Fig. I:-Stress & Deformation on Super Alloy X Turbine Blade at 20000RPM

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 Contd.

Max Stress-31828Mpa Max Def-3.3881mm

Fig. II:- Stress & Deformation on Nimonic 80A Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

Max Stress-26287Mpa Max Def.-3.7544mm

Fig. III:- Stress & Deformation on Inconel 625 Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

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 Contd.

Now static structural analysis of NACA 6409 blade profile having 72.5 bends(B)has been
done at three different speeds using three different material and contour obtained
corresponding to Von Mises stress and Total Deformation are as follows: -
Max Stress-6593.6Mpa Max Def.-3.372mm

Fig. IV:- Stress & Deformation on Super Alloy X Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

Max Stress-7365.8Mpa Max Def.-3.3524mm

Fig. V:- Stress & Deformation on Nimonic 80A Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM
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 Contd.

Max Stress-7066.9Mpa Max Def.-3.6876mm

Fig. VI:- Stress & Deformation on Inconel 625 Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM
At last static structural analysis of NACA 6409 blade profile with 145 bend angle(C) has
been done at three different speeds 20000, 40000 & 60000 RPM using three different
materials and the contour obtained corresponding to the Von Mises stress and Total
Deformation are as follows: -

Max Stress-17629Mpa Max Def.-2.927mm

Fig. VII:- Stress & Deformation on Super Alloy X Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

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 Contd.

Max Stress-19958Mpa Max Def.-2.9312mm

Fig. VIII:- Stress & Deformation on Nimonic 80A Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

Max Stress-18971Mpa Max Def.-3.19mm

Fig. IX:- Stress & Deformation on Inconel 625 Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM
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 Contd.

Modal Analysis
Modal analysis has been done in order to find the natural frequency of turbine blade of different
profile, of different material at different speed. To avoid resonance Excitation frequency should
not coincide with natural frequency of turbine blade. Excitation frequencies of turbine blade are
333.33Hz, 666.66Hz and 1000Hz. First of all, Modal analysis of NACA 6409 blade profile(A)
has been done and contour corresponding to natural frequency, total deformation are as follows: -
For Super Alloy X

Fig. X:- Frequency-511.8Hz Frequency-1370.7 Hz

Total Def.-88.521mm Total Def.-166.32mm

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 Contd.

For Nimonic80A

Fig. XI:- Frequency-517.37Hz Frequency-1354.9Hz

Total Def.-86.619mm Total Def.-162.15mm

For Inconel 625

Fig. XII:- Frequency-488.28Hz Frequency-1313.5Hz

Total Def.-84.928mm Total Def.-159.68mm
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 Contd.

Now Modal analysis of NACA 6409 with 72.5bend angle blade profile(B) has been done for three
different materials and contour obtained corresponding to frequency and total deformation are as
follows: -
For Super Alloy X

Fig. XIII:- Freq.-958.4Hz Freq.-2038Hz

Total Def.-106.33mm Total Def.-191.74mm
For Nimonic80A

Fig. XIV:- Freq.-964.32Hz Freq-2017.1Hz

Total Def.-103.78mm Total Def.-187.58mm
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 Contd.

For Inconel 625

Fig. XV:- Freq-915.13Hz Freq-1952.4Hz

Total Def.-102.06mm Total Def.-183.96mm
At last Modal analysis of NACA 6409 with 145 bend angle blade profile(C) has been done
for three different materials and contour obtained corresponding to frequency and total
deformation are as follows: -
For super alloy X

Fig. XVI:- Freq-1406.3Hz Freq-1532Hz

Total Def.-121.57mm Total Def.-175.35mm
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 Contd.

For Nimonic80A

Fig. XVII:- Freq-1406Hz Freq-1527Hz

Total Def.-121.53mm Total Def.-167.82mm

For Inconel 625

Fig. XVIII:- Freq-1344.3Hz Freq-1465.7Hz

Total Def.-116.1mm Total Def.-168.86mm
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 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

For NACA 6409 blade profile(A)

Max. Stress/Max Deformation

Speed Super Alloy X Nimonic 80A Inconel 625

20000 7322.8094 9394.0556 7001.6513

40000 7623.8378 9762.3089 7267.0980

60000 7682.7642 9834.6421 7318.7614

NACA 6409 with 72.5 bendMax.

angle blade profile (B)
Stress/Max Deformation

Speed Super Alloy X Nimonic 80A Inconel 625

20000 1955.3973 2197.1721 1916.3954

40000 1969.4323 2212.5614 1929.0331

60000 1972.1122 2215.4588 1931.4783

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 Contd.

NACA 6409 with 145 bend angle blade profile(C)

Max. Stress/Max Deformation

Speed Super Alloy X Nimonic 80A Inconel 625

20000 6022.89 6808.81 5929.36

40000 6028.03 6814.84 5933.95

60000 6029.00 6815.75 5934.64

From the above analysis it is conclude that Inconel 625 should be used as a turbine blade
material for either constant or varying speed condition as stress/deformation ratio is
minimum at all speed for all blade profile.
Percentage increase in force per unit volume of blade material is high for increase in
speed from 20000 to 40000 RPM and low for increase from 40000 to 60000 RPM
irrespective of blade profile.

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 Contd.

Magnitude of Percentage increase in force per unit volume and Max stress/Max
deformation is minimum for blade profile B and maximum for C irrespective of
material.
Hence blade profile B with Inconel 625 material is the best combination for generating
power.
For Profile A there is increase in deformation for the second mode after that for next
two consecutive modes there is decrease in deformation and again for the next two modes
there is increase in deformation irrespective of material used. Minimum is for the 4 th and
maximum is for 6th mode.
For Profile B there is increase in deformation for second mode then decrease for 3 rd
mode and again increase for next three modes. Minimum is for 1st and maximum is for 6th
mode.
For Profile C there is increase, decrease, increase, decrease in deformation for 2 nd, 3rd,
4th, 5th and 6th mode respectively for all the material. Minimum is for 3rd and maximum is
for 4th mode.
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 Contd.

It follows the increasing order of deformation as Inconel 625, Nimonic 80A, and
Superalloy X respectively irrespective of blade profile.
Frequency taken in this paper does not match with the natural frequency of any blade
profile of any material hence it is safe.
Von Mises stress for the blade is maximum at the joint portion where profile is attached to
root and total deformation is maximum at tip portion of the blade profile.
Further transient as well as CFD analysis can be performed and combined for design of
turbine blade using different speed and material for required power generation and
efficiency.

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 References
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 THANK YOU

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