Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(MDMP)
1
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
References
FM 5-0 Army Planning and Orders
Production, January 2005
FM 5-19 Composite Risk
Management, Aug 2006
FM 5-0.1 The Operations Process,
March 2006
FM 3-0 Operations, February 2008
FM 2-01.3 Intelligence Preparation
of the Battlefield, October 2009 2
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Learning Objectives
TLO: Apply the seven steps of the Military
Decision Making Process
ELO:
1. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
2. Receive The Mission
3. Analyze the mission
4. Develop Courses of Action
5. Analyze Courses of Action
6. Compare Courses of Action
7. Approve a Course of Action
8. Produce an Operations Order (OPORD)
3
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
INTELLIGENCE
IS
KEY
4
INTEGRATION
INTEGRATIONOF
OFTHE
THEIPB
IPBPROCESS
PROCESS
5
IPB
IPB and
andThe
The Operational
Operational Environment
Environment
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Maritime Land
Friendly
Enemy
Adversary
6
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Operational
Operational Variables
Variables
PMESII-PT
PMESII-PT
Political
Military
Economic
Social
Information
Infrastructure
Physical Environment
Time
7
Mission
Mission Variables
Variables METT-TC
METT-TC
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Mission
Enemy
Terrain and Weather
Troops and Support Available
Time Available
Civil Considerations
8
Civil
Civil Considerations
Considerations -- ASCOPE
ASCOPE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
9
Intelligence
Intelligence Preparation
Preparation Of
OfThe
The Battlefield
Battlefield
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB
A systematic, continuous
process of analyzing the threat
and environment in a specific
geographical area.
Designed to support staff
estimates and military decision
10
making.
Intelligence
Intelligence Preparation
Preparation Of
OfThe
The Battlefield
Battlefield
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Operational
Environment
+Threat Doctrine
Possible Courses of 11
Intelligence
Intelligence Preparation
Preparation Of
OfThe
The Battlefield
Battlefield
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
EVALUATE DESCRIBE
THE ENVIRONMENTAL
THREAT EFFECTS ON
OPERATIONS
12
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB:
IPB: STEP
STEPONE
ONE
Define
Define The
The Operational
Operational Environment
Environment
DETERMINE
THREAT
DEFINE
DEFINE THE
THE Focus
Focus
OPERATIONALE
COURSE OF OPERATIONALE
ACTION
NVIRONMENT
NVIRONMENT Requirements
Requirements
DESCRIBE Area
Area of
of Operations
Operations (AO)
(AO)
EVALUATE ENVIRONMENTAL Area
Area of
of Interest
Interest (AOI)
(AOI)
THE EFFECTS ON
THREAT OPERATIONS Battle
Battle Space
Space
13
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
DEFINE
DEFINE THE
THE OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
Identify significant characteristics of the
environment (general)
Identify the limits of AO and battle space
Establish AI
14
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB:
IPB: STEP
STEPONE
ONE
Five
Five Substeps
Substeps
15
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Substep
Substep 11 -- IDENTIFY
IDENTIFYSIGNIFICANT
SIGNIFICANT
CHARACTERISTICS
CHARACTERISTICS OF OFTHE
THE
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
Military Aspects of the Terrain Military Aspects of Weather
Hydrological data. Visibility.
Elevation data. Wind.
Soil composition. Precipitation.
Vegetation. Cloud cover/ceiling.
Temperature.
Humidity.
Atmospheric pressure
(as required) 16
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Substep
Substep 22 -- IDENTIFY
IDENTIFYTHE
THE LIMITS
LIMITS OF
OFTHE
THE
COMMANDS
COMMANDS AREA AREAOF
OFOPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
17
Substep
Substep 33 -- ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH THE
THE
Infantry LIMITS
LIMITS
Department: OF
OF
Inspire by Example
THE
THE AREA
AREAOF OFINFLUENCE
INFLUENCE (AI) (AI) AND AND THE THE
AREA
AREAOF OFINTEREST
INTEREST (AOI) (AOI)
The Area of Influence (AI) is :
A geographic area wherein a commander is directly capable of
influencing operations by maneuver or FS systems normally under
the commanders command and control (C2) (JP 12).
An area that includes terrain inside and outside the AO.
An area determined by both the G-2/S-2 and the G-3/S-3.
The Area of Interest (AOI) is:
An area of concern to the commander, including the area of
influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory
to the objectives of current or planned operations. This area also
includes areas occupied by enemy forces that could jeopardize the
accomplishment of the mission (JP 2-03).
Established by the commander with input from G-2/S-2, G-3/S-3. METT-
TC/METT-T must be considered. 18
An area normally larger than the area of influence and may require more
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Area
Area of
of Influence,
Influence, AOI
AOI and
and AO
AO Spatial
Spatial
Relationship
Relationship
19
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Substep
Substep 44 -- EVALUATE
EVALUATE EXISTING
EXISTING
DATABASES
DATABASES AND AND IDENTIFY
IDENTIFY
INTELLIGENCE
INTELLIGENCE GAPS GAPS
The analyst should
Identify and prioritize the gaps in the current holdings, using the
commanders intelligence requirements and intent to set the
priorities.
Identify any gaps which cannot be filled within the time allowed
for IPB.
Discuss with the commander and the remainder of the staff the
gaps not expected to be filled and formulate reasonable
20
assumptions to fill them.
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Substep
Substep 55 -- INITIATE
INITIATE COLLECTION
COLLECTION OF
OF
INFORMATION
INFORMATION REQUIREDREQUIRED TO
TO COMPLETE
COMPLETE
IPB
IPB
The intelligence officer should include collection against all
identified significant characteristics of the operational
environment (weather observations, geospatial intelligence
[GEOINT] updates), not just threat, in priority order and
continuously update the IPB products as additional information
is received.
21
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB
IPB STEP
STEPTWO
TWO -- DESCRIBE
DESCRIBETHE THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS
EFFECTS ON ON OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
Focus
Focus Requirements
Requirements
Terrain
TerrainAnalysis
Analysis
OKAOC
OKAOC
DETERMINE
DEFINE THE
THREAT
OPERATIONAL Weather
COURSE OF
ENVIRONMENT WeatherAnalysis
Analysis
ACTION
Visibility
Visibility
DESCRIBE
DESCRIBE THE
THE
EVALUATE ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
Wind
Wind
EFFECTS
EFFECTS ON
ON
THE OPERATIONS
Precipitation
Precipitation
OPERATIONS
THREAT
Cloud
CloudCover
Cover
Temperature
Temperature& &Humidity
Humidity
22
TERRAIN
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
23
MILITARY
MILITARYASPECTS
ASPECTS OF
OFTHE
THETERRAIN
TERRAIN
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
Observation and Fields of
Fire
Avenues of Approach
Key Terrain
Obstacles
Cover and Concealment 24
OBSERVATION
OBSERVATION
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
Observation is the condition of
weather and terrain that
permits a force to see friendly,
enemy, and neutral personnel,
systems, and Intervisibility
key aspects of
Lines
the environment
Masked Terrain
(Dead Space)
25
FIELDS
FIELDS OF
OFFIRE
FIRE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
Fields of fire is observation
limited to a specific linear
distance
Shoot vs. See
Direct and Indirect Fires
OAKOC
OPs
AAs
Defensible Terrain
Choke Points
Ambush Sites
EAs
27
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
MOBILITY
MOBILITY CORRIDORS
CORRIDORS OAKOC
MINIMUM
MINIMUM WIDTH
WIDTH
(FRIENDLY
(FRIENDLYAND
AND THREAT)
THREAT)
Division 6 km
Bde / Regt 3 km
Battalion 1.5 km
Company 0.5 km
28
MOBILITY
MOBILITYCORRIDORS
CORRIDORS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
29
AVENUES
AVENUES OF
OFAPPROACH
APPROACH
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
AAs are evaluated for suitability in terms of
Access to key terrain and adjacent
avenues.
Degree of canalization and ease of
movement.
Use of the military aspect of terrain
(OAKOC) in accordance with METT-TC
factors.
Sustainability (line of communication [LOC]
support).
Access to the objective
30
AVENUES
AVENUES OF
OFAPPROACH
APPROACH
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
AA
-2 X
XX
AA
-1
AAA
31
KEY
KEYTERRAIN
TERRAIN
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
Key terrain is
any locality or
K
area whose
seizure,
retention, or
control affords
a marked
advantage to
May be designated Decisive Terrain
either 32
OBSTACLES
OBSTACLES
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
Examples Include:
Natural
Natural Man-Made
Man-Made
Mountains
Mountains Built-up
Built-up Areas
Areas
Forests
Forests Tank
Tank Ditches
Ditches
Wetlands
Wetlands Concertina
Concertina
Rivers/Ponds
Rivers/Ponds Minefields
Minefields
Cliffs
Cliffs Railroad
Railroad 33
MODIFIED
MODIFIED COMBINED
COMBINED OBSTACLE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OBSTACLE
OVERLAY
OVERLAY(MCOO)
(MCOO)
OAKOC
Vegetation
Surface Drainage
Et cetera
34 MCOO
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
MODIFED
MODIFED COMBINED
COMBINED OBSTACLES
OBSTACLES
OVERLAY
OVERLAY(MCOO)
(MCOO)
OAKOC
AA
-2
K
XX
AA
-1
AAA
35
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
MODIFIED
MODIFIED COMBINED
COMBINED OBSTACLE
OBSTACLE
OVERLAY
OVERLAY(MCOO)
(MCOO) SYMBOLOGY
SYMBOLOGY
Key Terrain
Severely Restricted
K
Terrain Water Obstacle
36
TERRAIN
TERRAIN MOBILITY
MOBILITYCLASSIFICATIONS
CLASSIFICATIONS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
SEVERELY
SEVERELY RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
UNRESTRICTED
UNRESTRICTED 37
SEVERELY
SEVERELYRESTRICTED
RESTRICTED TERRAIN
TERRAIN
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
38
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED TERRAIN
TERRAIN
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
39
UNRESTRICTED
UNRESTRICTED TERRAIN
TERRAIN
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
40
COVER
COVER AND
AND CONCEALMENT
CONCEALMENT
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
OAKOC
Cover - Protection from bullets, fragments of
exploding rounds, flame, nuclear effects, and
biological and chemical agents
Concealment - Protection from observation
Methods for Determining:
Map Recon (Individual / Unit)
Ground or Air Recon (Unit)
Satellite Photos (Eng Topo Tm or S2)
Area Studies (Eng Topo Tm or S2)
LOS Analyses (TERRABASE 41 2)
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
EVALUATE
EVALUATE THE
THE TERRAINS
TERRAINS EFFECT
EFFECT
ON
ON MILITARY
MILITARYOPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
Concentric Ring Technique
42
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
EVALUATE
EVALUATE THE
THE TERRAINS
TERRAINS EFFECT
EFFECT
ON
ON MILITARY
MILITARYOPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
Belt Technique
PL DOG PL CAT
43
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
EVALUATE
EVALUATE THE
THE TERRAINS
TERRAINS EFFECT
EFFECT
ON
ON MILITARY
MILITARYOPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
Avenue-In-Depth Technique
44
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
EVALUATE
EVALUATE THE
THE TERRAINS
TERRAINS EFFECT
EFFECT
ON
ON MILITARY
MILITARYOPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
Box Technique
45
WEATHER
WEATHER ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
MILITARY
MILITARYASPECTS
ASPECTS OF
OFWEATHER
WEATHERARE:
ARE:
I ON
TAT
VISIBILITY IP I
RE C
P
WIND CLOUD COVER
Light Data
A major factor in evaluating visibility is the
amount of available light.
Date BMNT SR SS EENT MR MS % Illum
10 0600 0656 1719 2209 2209 1058 79
11 0602 0658 1720 2210 2219 1108 71
47
WEATHER
WEATHER ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
ADA
Armor
Artillery
Aviation
E-O Sys
ENG
NBC
Personnel
Intel
No Impact Moderate Impact
Effectiveness 25-75%
Severe Impact
Effectiveness 48
0-25%
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB
IPB STEP
STEPTWO
TWO -- DESCRIBE
DESCRIBETHE
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS
EFFECTS ON
ON OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
Areas.
Structures.
Capabilities.
Organizations.
People.
Events
IPB
IPB STEP
STEPTWO
TWO -- DESCRIBE
DESCRIBETHE
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS
EFFECTS ON
ON OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
Areas.
Areas defined by political boundaries, such as
districts within a city or municipalities within a
region.
Locations of government centers.
Social, political, religious, or criminal enclaves.
Agricultural and mining regions.
Trade routes.
Possible sites for the temporary settlement50 of
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB
IPB STEP
STEPTWO
TWO -- DESCRIBE
DESCRIBETHE
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS
EFFECTS ON
ON OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
Structures
High Pay-off Targets: Protected Sites: Practical for Military Purposes:
51
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB
IPB STEP
STEPTWO
TWO -- DESCRIBE
DESCRIBETHE
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS
EFFECTS ON
ON OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
Capabilities.
Public administration
Public safety
Emergency services
Food
Technology 52
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB
IPB STEP
STEPTWO
TWO -- DESCRIBE
DESCRIBETHE
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS
EFFECTS ON
ON OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
Organizations
Indigenous Outside
Church groups Multinational Corporations
Fraternal organizations International Govt Organizations (IGO)
Patriotic or service organizations Other govt organizations (ex. CIA)
Labor unions Nongovernment Organizations (NGO)
Criminal organizations.
Community watch groups
53
IPB
IPBSTEP
STEPTWO
TWO -- DESCRIBE
DESCRIBETHETHE ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
EFFECTS ON
ON OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
People.
Social structure.
Behavioral patterns.
Perceptions.
Religious beliefs.
Tribal relationships.
Behavioral taboos.
Centers of authority
Lifestyles.
Social history. 54
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IPB
IPB STEP
STEPTWO
TWO -- DESCRIBE
DESCRIBETHE
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS
EFFECTS ON
ON OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
Events
National and religious holidays.
Agricultural crop or livestock
and market cycles.
Elections.
Civil disturbances.
Celebrations.
55
IPB:
IPB: STEP
STEPTHREE
THREE
Evaluate
Evaluate The
The Threat
Threat
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
DETERMINE
DEFINE THE
THREAT
OPERATIONAL
COURSE OF
ENVIRONMENT
ACTION
EVALUATE
EVALUATE DESCRIBE
THE
THE ENVIRONMENTAL
THREAT
THREAT EFFECTS
OPERATIONS
Think Red!! 57
UPDATE
UPDATEOR
OR CREATE
CREATETHREAT
THREATMODELS
MODELS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Threat templates
and options
is intelligence on military
forces in the areas of...
Composition Communications
Training
Disposition
Operational Tactics
Intelligence Effectiveness
Logistics
Law
Personality Enforcement
Agencies 59
THREAT
THREATCHARACTERISTIC
CHARACTERISTICANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
National Finance
Agencies Support:
Local
Regional
International Recruitment
National
Organizations International
And Other Threats Popular
Nongovernmental
Organizations
Reach 60
THREAT
THREATTEMPLATES
TEMPLATES
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Examples include:
Insurgent Ambush
Terrorist Kidnapping
Operation
Offense
Defense
61
THREAT
THREATTEMPLATES
TEMPLATES
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Lists the options available to the threat should the operation fail or
succeed.
Prevents the threat model from becoming more than a snapshot in
time of the operation being depicted.
Aids in mentally wargaming the operation over its duration and during
the development of threat/adversary COAs and situation templates.
Addresses typical timelines and phases of operation, points where
units transition from one form of maneuver to the next, and how each
warfighting function contributes to the success of the operation.
63
THREAT
THREATTEMPLATES
TEMPLATES
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
64
EVALUATE
EVALUATE THE
THE THREAT
THREAT
Key Definitions
High-Payoff Target: Targets whose
loss to the threat Commander will
contribute to the success of the
friendly COA. We dont ID them
now.
High-Value Target: Assets that the
threat commander requires for the
successful completion of a specific
COA.
Grouped into one of 13 categories.
65
EVALUATE
EVALUATE THE
THE THREAT
THREAT
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
66
THREAT
THREATMODEL
MODEL
Assembly Description:
Area Movement begins as early as 1.5 hours after
order.
Movement along Previously Rehearsed
Routes.
Supported by Well-Planned and Coordinated
FS.
Lead Elements & Supporting Defenses fix
Friendly Forces with fires.
Main Body seeks Flanks of Friendly Forces.
Failure Options:
Fix Friendly Forces for Counterattack by
Reserve of Higher HQ.
Hasty Defense.
HVTs
Objective 1. BM-21
2. T-72
3. BMP-2 67
IPB:
IPB: STEP
STEPFOUR
FOUR
Determine
Determine Threat
Threat COAs
COAs
DETERMINE
DETERMINE
DEFINE THE
THREAT
THREAT
OPERATIONAL
COURSE
COURSE OF
OF
ENVIRONMENT
ACTION
ACTION
DESCRIBE
EVALUATE ENVIRONMENTAL
THE EFFECTS ON
THREAT OPERATIONS
69
SUBSTEP
SUBSTEP#1
#1 ID
ID Threats
Threats LikelyLikely Objectives
Objectives
and
and Desired Endstate
DesiredInfantry
Endstate
Department: Inspire by Example
SUBSTEP
SUBSTEP#2
#2 ID
ID The
The Full
Full Set
Set of
of COAs
COAs
Available
Available to
to the
the Threat
Threat
The threat COAs that the threat believes are appropriate to the current situation and
the identification of the threats likely objectives. This requires an understanding of
the threats decision-making process as well as an appreciation for how the threat
perceives the current situation.
The threat COAs which could significantly influence your units mission; for example,
diverting combat power to cover increasing protection requirements.
The threat COAs that may go outside the boundaries of known threat doctrine or
TTP, especially if the known threat is an individual terrorist or a terrorist cell or
group.
The threat COAs indicated by recent activities and events. To avoid surprise from an
unanticipated COA, consider all possible explanations for the threats
70 activity in
terms of possible threat COAs.
SUBSTEP
SUBSTEP#2
#2 ID
ID The
The FullFull SetSet of of COAs
COAs
Available
Available to
to the
InfantryThreat
the Threat
Department: Inspire by Example
Consider the following factors when defining the general threat COAs
into specific threat COAs:
The threats intent or desired endstate
Likely attack or counterattack objectives
Effects of the operational environment on operations and COAs
Threat vulnerabilities or shortages in logistics or personnel
Location of main and supporting efforts
Current disposition of forces, groups, cells
Threat perception of friendly forces
Threat efforts to present an ambiguous situation or achieve surprise
Each threat COA you identify should meet the same criteria used for
friendly COAs except seen from the threats side:
Suitability
Feasibility
Acceptability
Distinguishability
Completeness
71
SUBSTEP
SUBSTEP#3
#3 Evaluate
Evaluate and
and Prioritize
Prioritize Each Each
COA
COAInfantry Department: Inspire by Example
72
SUBSTEP
SUBSTEP#4
#4 Develop
Develop Each
Each COA
COA
Each COA must answer the following six basic
questions:
Who
What
When
Capability.
Intent.
History.
Activity.
Target environment.
Personalities.
Where
How
Why
75
SITUATION
SITUATION TEMPLATE
TEMPLATE DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT
STEPS
STEPS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
6. Include as much detail on the template as time and the situation warrant or
allow.
7. Ensure the template depicts the locations and activities of the HVTs listed in the
threat/adversary models.
8. Using the description of preferred tactics that accompanies the threat/adversary
template as a guide, think through the COAs scheme of maneuver. For
example, in the operational environment/battlespace environment, attempt to
visualize a terrorist element transitioning from collection, reconnaissance, and
preparation to the actual attack order (by times and phases) on the template.
9. Mentally wargame the scheme of maneuver or scheme of activities from
positions or locations depicted on the template through to the COAs success or
failure. Identify points where a threat/adversary force will transition from one
formation into another, potential assembly areas, and likely culminating point or
endstate. Follow up by identifying how each warfighting function fits in and
supports the operation.
76
SITUATION
SITUATION TEMPLATE
TEMPLATE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
(+)
(-)
(+)
(+) (-)
(+)
77
Determine
Determine Threat
Threat COA
COA
High Value Targets (HVT)
Prepare and mentally wargame the situation template.
Note how and where each warfighting function provides critical support to the threat COA.
This leads to identification of HVTs.
Use the list of HVTs in the threat model as a guide, but do not limit yourself to that list.
Determine the effect on the threat COA by destroying or eliminating each HVT and attempt to
identify likely threat responses. The relative worth of each HVT will vary with the specific
situation under consideration and over the course of the threat COA.
Identify the times or phases in the threat COA when the target is most valuable to the threat
commander and make the appropriate notations on the list of HVTs.
Transfer the refined and updated HVT list to the threat COA overlay. You will use the list to
support staff wargaming and the targeting process. Note on the threat COA overlay any
areas where HVTs must appear or be employed to make the threat operation successful.
Focus on their locations at the times they are most valuable, or just before. These are
potential TAIs and engagement areas. Cross-reference each potential TAI with the
description of the COA that accompanies the template.
Rely on staff experts for help with threat warfighting functions with which you are unfamiliar.
After developing each threat COA in detail, it may be necessary to reprioritize the order of
likely adoption. For example, as a particular threat COA is developed the analyst discovers
that a section of the terrain cannot totally support the adoption of the threat COA. This may
cause a change in the relative priority of the threat COAs because of78terrain constraints.
TIME
TIME PHASE
PHASE LINES
LINES
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
79
TIME
TIME PHASE
PHASE LINES
LINES
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
80
Determine
Determine Threat
Threat COA
COA
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Narrative
81
Determine
Determine Threat
Threat COA
COA
SUBSTEP
SUBSTEP#5#5 Identify
Identify Initial
Initial Intelligence,
Intelligence, Surveillance,
Surveillance,
and
and Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance (ISR) (ISR) Requirements
Requirements
EVENT
EVENT TEMPLATE
TEMPLATE
Guide for ISR synchronization
Consists of :
Named Areas of Interest (NAIs)
Time Phase Lines (TPLs)
One event template covers all Threat
COAs
84
EVENT
EVENT TEMPLATE
TEMPLATE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
87
EVENT
EVENT MATRIX
MATRIX
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
88
DECISION
DECISION SUPPORT
SUPPORTTEMPLATE
TEMPLATE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Decision Points
DETERMINE
THREAT DEFINE THE
COURSE OF OPERATIONAL
ACTION ENVIRONMENT
92
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
97
MILITARY DECISION-MAKING
PROCESS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
98
STAFF PROCEDURES &
DECISION MAKING
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
99
MILITARY DECISION MAKING
PROCESS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
RECEIPT
RECEIPTOF OFMISSION
MISSION
Issue
Issue Cdrs InitialGuidance
Cdrs Initial Guidance
Reinforces initial guidance to
Reinforces initial guidance to
subordinate
subordinatecommanders
commanders MISSION
MISSIONANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
WARNO
WARNO11
Receives
Receives feedbackon
feedback onWarno
Warno11 Approve
Approve RestatedMission
Restated Mission
State
State CommandersIntent
Commanders Intent
Reinforces guidance Approve Initial CCIR
Approve Initial CCIR
Reinforces guidance
Receives
Receivesfeedback
feedbackon
onWarno
Warno22 COA WARNO
WARNO22
COADEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT
COA
COAANALYSIS
ANALYSIS(War-game)
(War-game)
Commanders COA
COACOMPARISON
COMPARISON Staff
Estimate COA
COAAPPROVAL
APPROVAL Estimates
Approve
ApproveCOA
(continual) Specify
COA
Specify Type ofOrder
Type of Order (continual
Specify Type of Rehearsal
Discusses approved COA w/
Discusses approved COA w/
subordinate
subordinatecommanders
Specify Type of Rehearsal ) 33
WARNO
WARNO
Receives commanders ORDERS
ORDERSPRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
Receives initialbackbrief
initial backbrief/ / Approve
feedback
feedbackon
onWarno
Warno33 ApproveOrder
Order
REHEARSAL
REHEARSAL
EXECUTION
EXECUTION&&ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT
101
MDMP Step 1
RECEIPT OF MISSION
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
RECEIPT
RECEIPTOF
OF
THE
THEMISSION
MISSION
INPUT OUTPUT
MSN RECEIVED FROM CDR'S INITIAL GUIDANCE
HIGHER HQ OR WARNO 1
DEDUCED BY THE
104
CDR/STAFF
MDMP Step 1
RECEIPT OF MISSION
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
106
MDMP Step 1
RECEIPT OF MISSION
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Perform Initial
Assessment
Time available and Time required to plan at
all levels
Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
(IPB)
Running Estimates Available
Environmental Conditions
Staff Experience and Current Status
109
MDMP Step 1
RECEIPT OF MISSION
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
#1
WARNO Facilitates Parallel Planning
The WARNO Must Include at a
Minimum:
The Type of Operation
The General Location of the Operation
The Initial Operational Timeline
Any Movements to Initiate
Collaborative Planning
Initial IR or CCIR
ISR Tasks
110
MDMP Step 1
RECEIPT OF THE MISSION
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
111
MDMP Step 2
MISSION ANALYSIS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
INPUT OUTPUT
MISSION RECD FROM HIGHER HQ's CDRS INITIAL GUIDANCE
OR DEDUCED BY THE CDR/STAFF. RECEIPT OF MISSION WARNING ORDER 1
WAR-GAME RESULTS
PRODUCTS TASK ORGANIZATION
INITIAL IPB & ENEMY COAS COA ANALYSIS MISSION TO SUBORDINATE UNITS
(WAR GAME) CCIR and EEFI
ENEMY COA DECISION SUPPORT TEMPLATES
COA STATEMENT & SKETCHES
REFINED CDR INTENT & PLANNING COA COMPARISON DECISION MATRIX
GUIDANCE
WAR-GAME RESULTS
CRITERIA FOR COMPARISON APPROVED COA
REFINED CDRS INTENT
COA APPROVAL REFINED CCIR
DECISION MATRIX HIGH PAY-OFF TGT LIST
115
SUB STEP 2
INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION Of
The BATTLEFIELD Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
116
SUB STEP 3
DETERMINE TASKS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
117
SUB STEP 3
DETERMINE TASKS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
118
SUB STEP 3
TASKS THE LINK
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
SPECIFIED/ESSENTIAL TASKS
{FROM TASKS TO MANEUVER UNITS}
TF 2-21 AVN
(a) NLT H-72 conduct air insertion of LRSD Team 1, LRSD
Team 2, CI Team 1, and CI Team 2 IOT enable the JTF to
confirm HUMINT data on the meeting location of KLF
leadership, and to identify individuals in the local populace
that are friendly to coalition forces.
(b) NLT H 0+45 execute retransmission team from TF 3-
525 IN IOT facilitate ground communications in sector.
(c) At H -Hour air assault TF 3-525 IN to secure OBJ
HANNIBAL IOT detain KLF HVPs, disrupt KLF C2, and stop
the KLF recruiting efforts in the rural areas bordering NK.
119
SUB STEP 3
TASKS THE LINK
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
IMPLIED TASKS
TF 2-21 AVN
(a) Provide LNO to LRSD Team 1, LRSD Team 2, CI Team 1, and
CI Team 2 IOT synchronize timeline
(b) Verify pax and equipment requirements for Retransmission
Team IOT ensure proper number of aircraft available
(c) Provide LNO to 3-525 to synchronize pax and aircraft
requirements to include minimum force requirements for AASLT
onto OBJ Hannibal
(c) Deconflict airspace requirements and Engagement Areas with 1-
21 Attack.
120
SUB STEP 3
TASKS THE LINK
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
MISSION STATEMENT
At H -Hour TF 2-21 air assaults TF 3-
525 IN to secure OBJ HANNIBAL IOT
detain KLF HVPs, disrupt KLF C2, and
stop the KLF recruiting efforts in the
rural areas bordering NK.
121
REVIEW AVAILABLE
SUB STEP 4
122
SUB STEP 4
REVIEW AVAILABLE ASSETS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
123
SUB STEP 4
REVIEW AVAILABLE ASSETS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
124
SUB STEP 4
AVAILABLE ASSETS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
126
SUB STEP 6
ID CRITICAL FACTS AND ASSUMPTIONS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
127
SUB STEP 6
ID CRITICAL FACTS ANDASSUMPTIONS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
128
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
SUB STEP 7
CONDUCT RISK
ASSESSMENT
Tactical risk: Hazards that occur due to the enemy
being on the battlefield
- enemy action in area of assumed risk
- missed opportunity by friendly forces
Accident risk: Hazards that occur even if the enemy
is not on battlefield
- personnel training, equipment readiness
Appendix J
Page 3-20
129
SUB STEP 8
DETERMINE CCIR
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
130
COMMANDERS CRITICAL
INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS
(CCIR)
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
1. Priority Intelligence
Requirements (PIR) - things the
commander must know about the
enemy.
Where is the location of 101st MIBR BAG?
Where / When will enemy commit their reserve?
Will Enemy executes chemical strike vicinity NK1234 ?
132
DETERMINE ISR
SUB STEP 9
133
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
134
SUB STEP 10
UPDATE OPERATIONAL
TIME LINE Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
136
SUB STEP 11
WRITE THE RESTATED
MISSION Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
139
EXAMPLE MISSION STATEMENT
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
WHO
At H -Hour TF 2-21 air assaults TF 3-
525 IN to secure OBJ HANNIBAL IOT
detain KLF HVPs, disrupt KLF C2, and
stop the KLF recruiting efforts in the
rural areas bordering NK.
WHY 140
SUB STEP 12
CONDUCT MISSION ANALYSIS
BRIEF
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
141
SUB STEP 13
APPROVE RESTATED
MISSION Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Page 3-27
142
DEVELOP
SUB STEP 14 THE CDRS INITIAL
INTENT
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
23 AD Mission:
On D+2 2200ZXX, 23 AD attacks from
PL CREAM to PL EAGLES to destroy six
brigades from DTG 1 and DTG 2 IOT
enable 53 ID to move unhindered by
enemy forces from PL DOORS to PL
EAGLES. O/O 23AD conducts a FPOL
of 53 ID IOT enable them to
reestablish the International border
(PL GODSMACK). 146
SUB STEP 14
2 BCT MISSION.
NLT C+14 2300ZXX, 2 BCT, 23 AD
conducts a RIP with 12th and 13th
BDEs of the Knottican Army and
defends along PL CREAM to defeat
offensive forces from DTG 1 IOT
prevent OSC WEST from disrupting 23
ADs deployment and RSOI. O/O
2BCT, 23 AD conducts a FPOL of
follow-on forces IOT enable the
reestablishment of the international
148
SUB STEP 14
EXECUTION
2BCT Commander's Intent: The
purpose of this operation is the
destruction of Sweetonian forces that
influence AXIS AUSTRALIA and AXIS
BELIZE IOT minimize the enemys
ability to influence follow-on forces as
they continue XXI Corps attack east
to reestablish the international border
(PL GODSMACK).
149
SUB STEP 14
Key tasks:
Develop and execute an aggressive
ISR and counter reconnaissance plan
Synchronization of fires and effects to
maximize combat power.
Sustain the brigade during continuous
defensive operations
Isolate and remove influence of
insurgents and anti US/Coalition
civilians through an aggressive IO
campaign
Destroy two Sweetonian BTGs150from
SUB STEP 14
151
SUB STEP 15
ISSUE COMMANDERS GUIDANCE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
MINIMUM GUIDANCE
Informs staff what options he wants or does not want them
to look at (preliminary decisions).
152
ISSUE
SUB STEP 16
WARNING ORDER
#2 Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Continuous process
Done by CDR and Staff throughout the rest of MDMP
(periodically).
New facts may alter analysis or requirements.
Assumptions may become Facts or Invalidated.
CDR/Staff assess the impacts of changes, make adjustments
to plan (issue additional warning orders).
154
MISSION ANALYSIS
PRODUCTS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
PRACTICAL
EXERCISE-4
Mission
Mission Analysis
Analysis MDMP
MDMP
STEPS
STEPS One
One and
and Two
Two 156
MDMP Step 3
COA DEVELOPMENT
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
159
SUB STEP 1
ANALYZE RELATIVE COMBAT
POWER Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
160
SUB STEP 1
ANALYZE RELATIVE COMBAT
POWER Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
161
SUB STEP 1
ANALYZE RELATIVE COMBAT
POWER Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
162
SUB STEP 1
ANALYZE RELATIVE COMBAT
POWER Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
165
SUB STEP 1
ANALYZE RELATIVE COMBAT
POWER Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
167
ARRAY INITIAL
SUB STEP 3
168
SUB STEP 4
DEVELOP THE CONCEPT OF
OPERATIONS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Refine the initial array of forces and use graphic control measures to
coordinate the operation
INCLUDE:
- purpose of the operation - designation of decisive operations
- tactical risk - designation of reserve, including
- events and phases location and composition
- designation of the decisive - location of engagement areas
operation - assignment of subordinate AOs
- designation of shaping - concept of fires
operations - obstacle plan
CRM focus for this step is to ensure effective controls are in place to
address hazards associated with the employment of the WFF/BOS
169
ASSIGN
SUB STEP 5
170
SUB STEP 6
PREPARE COA STATEMENTS AND
SKETCHES
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
The COA statement must clearly portray how the unit will accomplish
the mission and explain the concept of operations.
It should include the mission and end state and address the battlefield
framework.
Sketch will provide the picture of who, what, when, where, how, and
why.
The sketch is shown 1 level down, unless smaller units help show the
scheme of maneuver.
Normally a paragraph titled 'Risk' is included as last paragraph of each
COA.
172
SAMPLE COA STATEMENT
(1 of 2)
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
173
SAMPLE COA STATEMENT
(2 of 2)
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
174
MDMP Step 4
COURSE OF ACTION ANALYSIS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
S2 IS THINKING RED
177
SUB STEP 1
GATHER TOOLS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
178
LIST FRIENDLY
SUB STEP 2
179
SUB STEP 3
LIST ASSUMPTIONS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Page 3-46
180
SUB STEP 4
CRITICAL EVENTS AND
DECISION Infantry
POINTS Department: Inspire by Example
Decision points relate to identified critical events and are linked to NAIs and TAIs
181
SAMPLE CRITICAL EVENTS
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
182
SUB STEP 5 EVALUATION
CRITERIA Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Look at what will create success, but also what will cause failure
183
SUB STEP 6
SELECT WAR-GAME METHOD
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
1. THE BELT
2. THE AVENUE-IN-DEPTH
3. THE BOX
PAGE 3-47
184
BELT TECHNIQUE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
MOST LENGTHY & DETAILED FOR SYNCHRONIZED EFFORT FOR THE WHOLE FORCE
BELTS CAN BE ADJACENT TO OR OVERLAP EACHOTHER.
STAFF WARGAMES ALL EVENTS WITHIN THE BELT SIMULTANEOUSLY
XX
BELT 1 BELT 2 BELT 3
OBJ
X
II
XX
185
TERRAIN IS DIVIDED, PHASED OPERATIONS, AND ENEMY IS DEPLOYED IN CLEARLY DEFINED BELTS
AVENUE-IN-DEPTH
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
X
A
OBJ
X
B
II
XX
GOOD FOR OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS 186
BOX TECHNIQUE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
XX
X
X OBJ
I
I
BOX 1 BOX 2
XX
FOCUSES ON CRITICAL EVENTS OR AREAS 187
SUB STEP 7
METHOD TO RECORD AND
DISPLAYInfantry
RESULTSDepartment: Inspire by Example
188
SYNCHRONIZATION
MATRIX Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
ENEMY
DEC POINTS
270th MP
1/270TH
2/270TH
3/270TH
4/270TH
FIRES
Allows synchronization of the COA across time and space in relation to the enemy COA
Easily translated into a graphic decision making product (decision support template)
Can be modified to fit individual needs such as make up of unit
189
SYNCHRONIZATION MATRIX
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
DP 1 2
NAI 1 2
TAI 1 2
OCCUPY BP 4 OCCUPY BP 2
2/271
190
SKETCH NOTE
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Critical event:
191
WAR-GAME THE
SUB STEP 8
COA
Mission COA COA COA Orders
Analysis
Analysis Development Comparison Approval Production
(Wargame)
T DRAFT
EVENT
TEMPLATE
SPTing
S TEMPLATE IRs HPTs
193
DECISION SUPPORT TEMPLATE (DST)
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
+ H+1 PL RED
PL PURPLE PL BLUE H 2
59 H +3 NAI 1
32 TAI 3 DP 3 TAI 1 DP 1
2
NAI 2
SUBSEQUENT
OBJECTIVE
TAI 5 DP 2
DP 5
DP 4
TAI 2
194
DECISION SUPPORT TEMPLATE (DST)
(contd)
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
DP 6
NAI 1
DP 8
TAI 3 NAI 2
DP 3
requirements (CCIR)
Time estimates (calculations of the
times required to implement decisions)
198
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
DECISION SUPPORT TEMPLATE (DST)
(contd)
STEPS IN DEVELOPING THE DECISION SUPPORT TEMPLATE (DST)
H +3 H +2 H +1
NAI
1
NAI
2
Step 1. Develop the modified Step 2. Develop the Step 3. Develop the
combined obstacle overlay (MCOO) enemy situation event template
over a map containing the area of template (SITTEMP) (step 3)
operations (AO) (step 2) (step 2)
H +3 H +2 H +1 PL PURPLE H +3 H +2 H +1 PL RED PL PURPLE H +3 PL BLUE
H +2 H +1 PL RED
PL BLUE
Step 4. Develop targeted Step 5. Develop friendly Step 6. Add decision points
areas of interest (TAIs) course of action (COA) (DP)199
and critical events
(step 3) (step 3) (step 3 and 4)
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
SUB STEP 14
EXECUTION
2BCT Commander's Intent: The
purpose of this operation is the
destruction of Sweetonian forces that
influence AXIS AUSTRALIA and AXIS
BELIZE IOT minimize the enemys
ability to influence follow-on forces as
they continue XXI Corps attack east
to reestablish the international border
(PL GODSMACK). 201
MDMP Step 5
COA COMPARISON
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
DECISION MATRIX
USE: COMBAT FUNCTIONS COA #1 COA #2
TENETS
PRINCIPLES OF WAR EA EA
SPECIFIC ELEMENTS OF THE CDRS CONDOR CONDOR
GUIDANCE
ANY OTHER SIGNIFICANT ACTIONS
MASS
SIMPLICITY
DECEPTION
MANEUVER
SYNCHRONIZATION
FIRES
CSS
CMD & CNTRL
INTEL
SURVIVABILITY
TOTAL
203
MDMP Step 6
COA APPROVAL
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
1. SITUATION.
a. Enemy Forces. Express this in terms of two enemy
echelons below yours. Describe the enemys Most Likely and
Most Dangerous COAs. Append sketch. Refer to Annex B
(Intelligence) as required.
b. Friendly Forces. List the mission, commanders intent,
and concept of operation for headquarters one and two levels
up. Subparagraphs state the missions of flank units and other
units whose actions would have a significant bearing on the
issuing headquarters.
209
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
3. EXECUTION.
Intent. State the commanders intent, key tasks
and end state of the operation
215
Format Execution, cont.
Specified Tasks to Sub Units
Briefing Techniques.
A picture is worth a thousand words
Describe (using a sketch or terrain
model), dont read
Dont read a slide or chart highlight
whats important
Some words are better communicated
written
Knowing what not to say is as important
as knowing what to say
Be precise, be brief, and be gone221
BN/TF OPORD Briefing
oll Call Agenda D. Coordinating
3. EXECUTION
Introductions A. Concept of the Instructions
eferences Operation (1) Time Schedule
ap Orientation (AO/AI) (1) Maneuver (2) CCIR
and time line (2) Fires (3) Risk Reduction
ask Organization (3) ISR and Control
(4) Intelligence (4) ROE
SITUATION (5) Engineer (5) Environmental
A. Enemy Forces (6) ADA (6) Force Protection
B. Friendly Forces (7) IO
C. Environment (8) NBC 4. SERVICE SUPPORT
(1) Terrain (9) Military Police A. Support Concept
(2) Weather (10) Civil-Military B. Material and Services
(3) Civil B. Tasks to Maneuver C. Health Service Spt
Considerations Units D. Personnel Service Spt
D. Attachments and C. Tasks to Other
Detachments Combat and Combat 5. COMMAND AND
Support Units SIGNAL
MISSION AND INTENT A. Command Locations
B. 222
Signal
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
223
END OF PRESENTATION
Infantry Department: Inspire by Example
Thank you
&
Mabuhay
224