Chapter 7:

Belt Drives and Chain Drives

CVT
Overview why used?
1.) Transfer power (torque) from one location to
another. From driver: motor,peddles,
engine,windmill,turbine to driven: conveyor belt,
back wheels/bike,generator rock crusher,dryer.
2.) Used to span large distances or need flexible x-
mission elements. Gear drives have a higher
torque capability but not flexible or cheap.
3.) Often used as torque increaser (speed reducer),
max speed ratio: 3.5:1. Gear drives?? Virtually
unlimited!

Applications? Show rust abrader, glove factory, draw sample drive of rust abrader, show slides from mechanism
book.
Sometimes
desirable to
have both
chain and belt
drive (Fig 7.1)

Belt: high
speed/low
torque

Chain: Low
speed/high
torque
 Belts vs. Chains
Belts Chains
Use When: High Speed, Low T High T, Low Speed

Speed: 2500 < Vt < 7000 V < 1500 ft./min.

ft./min.
Must design with Must be lubricated,
Dis: standard lengths, wear, wear, noise, weight,
creep, corrosive vibration
environment, slip,
temp., when must have
tension need idler
Advs Quiet, flexible, cost Strength, length
: flexibility
 Types of Belts:

a)V-belt most common

for machine design,
several types (Fig. 7.5
7.8)
Timing belt (c & d)

have mating pulleys to

minimize slippage
c) Pos retention due
to mating pulleys
d) Pos retention due
to increased contact
area
Flat belt
(rubber/leather) not
shown, run on tapered
pulleys
Add notes
Types of V-Belts
V-belt Drive Design
Process
Need rated power of the driving motor/prime mover. BASE sizing

on this.
Service factor based on type of driver and driven load.
Center distance (adjustment for center distance must be provided
or use idler pulley) nominal range D2 < C < 3(D2 + D1)
Power rating for one belt as a function of size and speed of the
smaller sheave
Belt length (then choose standard size)
Sizing of sheaves (use standard size). Most commercially available
sheaves should be limited to 6500 ft/min belt speed.
Belt length correction factor
Angle of wrap correction factor. Angle of wrap on smaller sheave
should be greater than 120 deg.
Number of belts
Initial tension in belts
 Key Equations

Belt speed
D11 D22
b
(no slipping) R11 R22
= 2 2
Speed 1 D2 Pitch dias of
ratio =
sheaves
2 D1 Pitch
dia in rpm
inches

D1n1
b
Belt speed
ft/min 12
Key Equations
2 ( D2 D1 ) 2
Belt length:L 2C ( D2 D1 )
4C

B B 2 32( D2 D1 ) 2
Center C
Distance: 16

Where,B 4 L 2 ( D2 D1 )
Recommended D2 < C <
3(D2+D1)
Note: usually belt length
standard (use standard belt
length table 7-2), then calculate C
based on fixed L
 Key Equations cont
Angle of contact of belt on each
sheave
1 180 2 sin 1 D2 D1

2C
D2 D1
2 180 2 sin
1

2C

Note: Select Ds and Cs so maximum contact (1 + 2 =

180). If less then smaller sheave could slip and will need
reduction factor (Table 7-14).
V-Belt Design Example
Given: 4 cylinder Diesel runs @ 80hp, 1800
rpm to drive a water pump (1200 rpm) for less
than 6 hr./day

Find: Design V-belt drive

V-belt Design Example
Cont
1.) Calculate design power:
Use table 7-1(<6h/day, pump, 4 cyl. Engine)

Design Power = input power x service

factor
= 80 hp x 1.1
= 88 hp
 V-belt Design Example
Cont
2.) Select belt type, Use table
7-9
Choose
Speed = 1800 rpm 5V

Design Power = 88 hp
V-belt Design Example
Cont
3.) Calculate speed ratio
SR = w1/w2
= 1800 rpm/1200 rpm
= 1.5
 V-belt Design Example
Cont
4.) Determine sheave sizes
Choose belt speed of 4000 ft/min
(Recall 2500ft./min. < vb < 7000
ft./min)
D1n1 12vb 12 * 4000
vb D1 8.488in
12 n1 *1800
So
D1 = 8.488in

D2 = SR * D1 = 1.5 * 8.488

D2 = 12.732in
 V-belt Design Example
Cont
5.) Find sheave size (Figure 7-11)
Must find acceptable standard sheave 1, then
corresponding acceptable sheave 2
Engine X 1.5 Standard D2 Actual n2
(D1) 12.6 12.4 1219
8.4 12.6 13.1 1154
8.4 13.35 13.1 1223
8.9

n1 D2 Dn
n2 1 1
n2 D1 D2

**All look OK, we will try the first one

 V-belt Design Example
Cont
6.) Find rated power (use figure 7-11 again)

Rated Power = 21 hp
 V-belt Design Example
Cont
Adjust for speed ratio to get total power/belt

Total power = 21hp +1.55hp = 21.55hp

V-belt Design Example
Cont
7.) Find estimated center distance
Notice using
D2 < C < 3(D2+D1) standard sheave sizes
found earlier, not
calculated diameters
12.4 < C < 3 (12.4 + 8.4)

12.4 < C < 62.4

To provide service access will try towards

long end, try C = 40
V-belt Design Example
Cont
8.) Find belt length
2 ( D2 D1 ) 2
L 2C ( D2 D1 )
4C
(4in) 2
L 2(40in) 1.57(20.8in) 112 .765in
4(40in)
V-belt Design Example
Cont
9.) Select standard belt length
Lcalc = 112.765

Choose 112
V-belt Design Example
Cont
10.) Calculate actual center distance

B 4 L 2 ( D2 D1 )
B 4(112 ) 6.28(20.8)
B 317.367"
B B 2 32( D2 D1 ) 2
C
16
317.367 317.367 2 32(4) 2
C
16
C 39.62"
V-belt Design Example
Cont
11.) Find wrap angle, small sheave
D2 D1
1 180 2 sin 1

2C
1 4
1 180 2 sin
2(39.62)
1 174.2
V-belt Design Example
Cont
12.) Determine correction factors

C .98 C L .98
V-belt Design Example
Cont
13.) Calculate corrected power

Corrected Power C C L P
(.98)(.98)(22.5hp )
21.61hp
V-belt Design Example
Cont
14.) Belts needed

Design Power (hp)

# belts
Corrected Power/belt
88hp
# belts 4.07
21.61hp / belt

Use 4 belts!
V-belt Design Example
Cont
15.) Summary

D1=8.4
D2=12.4
Belt Length = 112
Center Distance =
39.62
4 Belts Needed
Chain Drives
Chain Drives
Types of Chains
Chain Drives
Roller Chain Construction (Most common Type)
Chain Design Process
1.) # of sprocket teeth, N1 (smaller sprocket) > 17
(unless low speed < 100 rpm.)
2.)
Speed ratio = n1/n2 7
3.) 30 x Pitch Length < Center Distance < 50 x Pitch
Length
4.) Angle of contact of chain on smaller sprocket >
120
5.) # sprocket teeth, N2 (longer sprocket) < 120
Chain Drives
Chain Drives Design
Example
Given:
Driver: Hydraulic Motor
Driven: Rock Crusher
ni = 625 rpm, 100 hp
no = 225 rpm
Find:
Design belt drive
Chain Drives Design
Example
1.) Design Power
DP = SF x HP
DP = 1.4 ( Table 7-8) x 100 hp
DP = 140 hp
Chain Drives Design
Example
2.) Calculate Velocity Ratio
ni N o n = speed
VR N = teeth
no N i
625rpm
VR
225rpm

VR = 2.78 Heavy Requirement!!

Chain Drives Design
Example
3.) Choose: Number of Multiple Strand
Size - (40, 60, 80) 80 Roller Chain Factor
(1in) Strands
# Strands use 4 2 1.7
Required HP/chain = 3 2.5
140hp/3.3
4 3.3
N= No
42.42
VR 2 . 78
hp/chain o
5 3.9
Ni 25
6 4.6
No = 69.5 use 70 teeth
Chain Drives Design
Example
Conclusion:
4 Strands
No. 80 Chain
Ni = 25 Teeth
No= 70 Teeth
Chain Drive Design
Example
Guess center distance: 40 Pitches
N 2 N1 ( N 2 N1 ) 2
L( pitches) 2C
2 4 2C
70 25 (70 25) 2
L( pitches) 2(40)
2 4 2 (40)

L = 128.8 pitches use 130 pitches

Chain Drives Design
Example
Actual Center Distance, C

1 8( N 2 N1 ) 2
2
N N1 N 2 N1
C ( pitches) L 2 L
4 2 2 4 2

1 8(70 25) 2
2
70 25 75 25
C ( pitches) 130 130
4 2 2 4 2

C = 40.6 use 40 Pitches