POTENTIAL DISASTER VULNERABILITIES IN

CHANDIGARH & LIKELY RESPONSES

DISASTERS OCCUR WHEN HAZARD MEETSVULNERABILITY

 PREVIEW

DISASTERS-GENERAL
THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, NDMA & NDRF
VULUNERABILITIES TRI CITY
EARTHQUAKES AND FLOODING
CHANDIGARH DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
HOME GUARDS AND CIVIL DEFENCE
SUPPORT SERVICES
CAPACITY BUILDING
THE WAY AHEAD
 TOP TEN NATURAL DISASTERS IN
THE HISTORY OF INDIA

Kashmir Floods
Year:2014
Areasaffected:Srinagar,Bandipur,Rajourietc.
Deathtoll:500plus
Uttarakhand Flash Floods
Year2013
Areasaffected:Gobindghat,KedarDome,Rudraprayagdistrict,Uttraskhand,HimachalPradesh,WesternNepal
DeathToll:5000plus
The Indian Ocean Tsunami
Year:2004
Areasaffected:PartsofsouthernIndiaandAndamanandNicobarIslands,SriLanka,Indonesiaetc.
Deathtoll:2lakhplus
Gujarat Earthquake
Year2001
Areasaffected:Bhuj,Ahmedabad,Gandhinagar,Kutch,Surat,Surendranagardistrict,Rajkotdistrict,
JamnagarandJodia
Deathtoll:20,000plus
Contd--
Odisha Super Cyclone
Year1999
Areasaffected:ThecoastaldistrictsofBhadrak,
Kendrapara,Balasore,Jagatsinghpur,Puri,
Ganjametc.
Deathtoll:10,000plus
Latur Earthquake
Year:1993
Areasaffected:DistrictsofLaturand
Osmanabad
Deathtoll:20,000plus
The Great Famine
Year:1876-1878
Areasaffected:Madras,Mysore,Hyderabad,
andBombay
Deathtoll:3crore
Coringa Cyclone
Year:1839
Areasaffected:Coringadistrict
Deathtoll:3.2lakhpeople
Calcutta Cyclone
Year:1737
Areasaffected:Low-lyingareasofCalcutta
Deathtoll:3lakhplus
The Bengal Famine
Year1770,1943
Areasaffected:Bengal,Odhisa,Bihar
Deathtoll:1crore
Bhopal Gas tragedy
December2-3,1984
3,787dead,558,125
injured
AMRI Hospital fire
Kolkata
December9,2011
89dead
Girish Park Kolkata
Flyover Collapse
March 31, 2016
27dead,80plusinjured
Lalita Park Building
Collapse Delhi
November15,2010
67 dead, 130 injured
Maha Kumbh
stampede Allahabad
February3,1954
820dead,100plus
injured.
Disastersare characterized by some or all of the
following:

They are disruptive to individuals and communities

They are not part of day to day experience and areoutside normal
lifeexpectations

They are unpredictable in occurrence and effects can be sudden

They require a response for which normal localresources may be

inadequate

They have a wide range of effects and impacts on the human and
physical environment
 Disaster Management Cycle
Three major functional areasare recognized as necessary components of a comprehensive approach;
prevention, response and recovery.In addition to these areas, the key responsibilities of agencies
include:

Planning: - Analysis of requirements& the development of strategiesfor resource

utlisation
Preparedness: - The establishment of structures, development of systems and testing
andevaluation by organizations of their capacity to perform their allotted roles
Co-ordination:- The bringing together of organizations and resources to
ensurejointmanship and to avoid duplication
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT
2005
A catastrophe, mishap, calamity, or grave occurrence
in any area arising from natural or man made causes,
or by accident or negligence which results in
substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage
and destruction of property and degradation of
environment
and
is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the
coping capacity of the community of the affected area
 NATIONAL DISASTER
MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
Following enactment of the Disaster
Management Act, 2005, the NDMA was
formally constituted in accordance with
Section- 3(1) of the Act on 27th September,
2006 with Prime Minister as its Chairperson
Nine other members, and one such member to
be designated as Vice-Chairperson
Secretary and five Joint Secretaries including
one Financial Advisor
There are 10 posts of Joint Advisors and
Directors
14 Assistant Advisors, Under Secretaries
Assistant Financial Advisor
Duty Officer along with supporting staff.
 NDRF

Eight battalions

144 specialised teams trained in

various types of natural, man made
and non-natural disasters

72 such teams designed to cater to

the Chemical, Biological, Radiological
and Nuclear (CBRN) calamities
besides natural calamities

Each NDRF battalion consists of 1149

personnel organised in 18 teams
comprising of 45 personnel
 NDRF : DISASTER RESPONSE AND
MITIGATION
2007 GUJRAT FLOODS: Rescued 290 people and distributed 3750 packets of food
2009 - CYCLONE AILA WEST BENGAL Rescued 2,000 people; distribution of medicine to 30,000 victims & food
packets to 16,000 homeless victims
2010 - CHLORINE LEAKAGE AT SHIWADI, MUMBAI Neutralized 835 cylinders at Mumbai Port Trust
2012 - TRAIN ACCIDENT MALIGAON, GUWAHATI Two teams of NDRF were deployed to assist in the rescue
operation. Both teams rescued and evacuated 40 persons from the damaged and de-railed train coaches
2012 - BOAT CAPSIED, DHUBRI ASSAM A team of about 100 NDRF rescuers and deep divers responded to an
incident in which a fiery had capsized in River Brahmaputra. 19 bodies were recovered and handed over to the
aggrieved families
2013 NORTH INDIA FLASH FLOODS, KEDARNATH 5700 dead, 33,000 rescued and 9 NDRF officials lost their
lives during the rescue operation
2014 JAMMU KASHMIR FLOODS 277 deaths and 200,000 rescued. In order to expedite relief ,the
NDRF team had introduced advanced medical services. It used Terrain vehicle to negotiate certain
areas where conventional vehicles are not able to go
 Although the common man is not so
familiar with the term Disaster
Management, people today are much
aware of certain phenomena like
earthquakes, cyclones, landslides and
now even the tsunami. Since times
immemorial India has been highly
prone to natural calamities. The
Union Territory of Chandigarh spread
over an area of 114 sq kms. Has high
vulnerability to earthquakes as it lies
 IS CHANDIGARH PREPARED?
A mega exercise replicating an earthquake at Panchkula, Chandigarh,
Mohali, Shimla and adjoining region was organised in February 2013
by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and
the Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Chandigarh
authorities. Observers from Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand were
also deployed to oversee the entire exercise of 7.8 intensity
The exercise was based on a hypothetical earthquake with epicentre
at Sundarnagar in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh with a
magnitude of 8.0, maximum intensity and depth of 15 km and rupture
length of 200 km
The exercise carried out to assess multi-State earthquake
preparedness and to understand the implications of a possible major
earthquake and its likely effects
 STAKEHOLDERS
Governmental Agencies

National Disaster
Management
Authority(NDMA)

DDMA, SDMA

National Disaster
Response Force (NDRF)

District
Administration,NGOs

Civil Defence (CD)

Armed Forces

Police Personnel

Fire Services
 Chandigarh is
quake prone, still no disaster directorate
CHANDIGARHUpdated: May 01, 2015 15:52 IST

For all its modern trappings and image of a well-planned city, Chandigarh comes up severely
short on disaster management, and does not even have a basic directorate for the purpose.
This directorate required to be formed as per the Union governments report filed about five
years ago has not been formed for non-sanction of a relatively small amount of Rs 2 crore
Official communication to the Union ministry of home affairs-- At present, the disaster
management machinery is highly disorganised in Chandigarh

As of now, Chandigarh has state and district disaster management authorities that are
bureaucratic bodies. On the ground, a civil defence wing manned by three inspectors is all that
exists. Police and Home Guards are requisitioned when required; but lack the training for such
exigencies
The letter by the sub-divisional magistrate (SDM), central, who heads the district authority in
his official capacity, pointedly says that the administration faced multiple difficulties while
dealing with small-scale disasters [such as last years collapse of NIELIT (National Institute of
Electronics and Information Technology) building in Sector 17, a fire in Haryana secretariat, roof
collapse in Colony No. 4. The letter, a copy of which is with HT, even cites the 2006 roof
collapse at the grain market in Sector 26
 VULNERABILITIES CHANDIGARH
TRICITY
EARTHQUAKE
FLOODING
FIRE
TERRORIST ACTION
AIR CRASH/TRAIN ACCIDENT
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT
NBC INCIDENT
Chandigarh is surrounded by major
industrial houses and the largest
industrial hub of Punjab (Mohali,
Derabassi) and Himachal Pradesh
(Baddi) with plants producing
Pharmaceuticals & Heavy
Engineering goods and factories like
Spinning Mills, Steel Strips & Wheels
Limited, Nahar Spinning Mills etc
Each whole number
step in the magnitude
scale corresponds to
the release of about 31
times more energy than
the amount associated
with the preceding
whole number value
RECENT EARTHQUAKES IN
CHANDIGARH
BIGGEST EARTHQAKESNEAR
CHANDIGARH
FLOODING AND WATERLOGGING
 IF BHAKRA NANGAL DAM IS BREACHED
The Bhakra and Nangal aretwo separate Dams. Bhakra Dam is the main Dam that has a
reservoir named Gobind Sagar. The capacity of this reservoir is 9.34 billion cubic meter of water

Now if you note the capacity of this reservior it is the thrid largest reservior in India and has the
potential to practically wash out the city of Chandigarh, Ludhiana and Parts of Haryana and Delhi)

The purpose of Nangal Dam is to stop the sudden rush of water from Bhakra Dam if it happens, so
that there is a chance to buy more time to evacuate important cities. Thus if only Bhakra dam fails,
the Nangal dam can control the severity of the damage to a major extent

Now if you ask what if both dams fail back to back: If this happens then several low lying areas
especially from Punjab and Haryana can get flooded . Major cities would include Chandigarh,
Ludhiana, Ferozepur, Rupnagar, Anandpur Sahib, Kalka and Ambala City

Chd - 321m
Panchkula 365m
Ropar 262m
Nangal 226m
Ambala 264m
Ludhiana 244m
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
SETUP CHANDIGARH
STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
DISTRICT LEVEL COORDINATION COMMITTEE
EMERGENCY OPERATION CELL
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION
CHANDIGARH DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN OF CHANDIGARH POLICE
TO DEAL WITH TERRORIST ATTACKS AND NBC
DISASTERS
STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
AUTHORITY CHANDIGARH
 DISTRICT DISASTER
MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
DEPUTY COMMISSIONER CHAIRMAN

ADC CONVENER

SDM's MEMBERS

NODAL OFFICERS OF LINE DEPTS MEMBERS

DISTRICT INFORMATION OFFICER MEMBER

 DISTRICT LEVEL COORDINATION
COMMITTEE
FUNCTION: TO DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE DATA BASE AND FOR FACILITATING
COLLECTION, COMPILATION AND VALIDATION OF DATA FROM THE LINE DEPTS OF UT CHD
AND PREPARING A DATA BASE ON DISASTER STASISTICS IN THE DTE OF ECONOMICS AND
STATISTICS, UT, CHD
DEPUTY COMMISSIONER UT CHAIRMAN
ADDL COMMISSIONER MC, CHD MEMBER
SSP, UT, CHD MEMBER
SUPRITENDING ENGINEER, CHD ADMINISTRATION MEMBER
MEDICAL SUPRINTENDENT
(O/O DIRECTOR HEALTH SERVICES, UT, CHD) MEMBER
BLOCK DEVELOPMENT AND PANCHAYAT OFFICER, UT, CHD MEMBER
SUPRINTENDENT DC OFFICE, UT, CHD MEMBER

 CHANDIGARH DISASTER
MANAGEMENT PLAN (CDMP)
TO IMPROVE THE PREPAREDNESS THROUGH RISK ASSESSMENT AND
VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF CHANDIGARH
TO EVOLVE A SUITABLE MITIGATION STRATEGY TO MINIMIZE THE IMPACT
OF DISASTER IN TERM OF MEN AND MATERIAL LOSS
TO GIVE PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE TO RELIEF MACHINERY
TO CREATE AWARENESS IN THE CHANDIGARH COMMUNITY
TO INVOLVE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND NGO's IN AWARENESS
CREATION AND RELIEF OPERATIONS
TO ENABLE QUICK RESTORATION OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE SYSTEM AND
PREVENT SPREAD OF POST DISASTER EPIDEMICS
CHANDIGARH DISASTER MANAGEMENT
PLAN MAIN COMPONENTS

ACTION RESPONSE PLAN FOR ESF's (SHORT TERM &

LONG TERM)
TERROR ATTACK MITIGATION PLAN
NUCLEAR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
CHEMICAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
BIOLOGICAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DO's AND DONT's
DISASTER TACKLING TECHNIQUES
EMERGENCY OPERATION CELL

THE EOC IS PLANNED TO BE SETUP IN THE DIST HOME GUARD HQ IN SECTOR

17, CHD
EARMARKED TEAM OF 24 HOME GUARD VOLUNTEERS. 3 WIRELESS
OPERATORS, 3 DRIVERS FUNCTIONING 24X7
SHOULD HAVE NECESSARY DATA, COMMUNICATIONS, HARDWARE AND
NETWORKS AND REAL TIME TRACKING
COLLECT, GATHER AND ANALYSE DATA AND TAKE DECISIONS THAT PROTECT
LIFE AND PROPERTY
CENTRAL COMMAND AND CONTROL FACILITYRESPONSIBLE FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
THE MOST CRITICALCOMPONENT OF AN EOC IS THE INDIVIDUALS WHO STAFF
IT
 EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION
(ESF)
SERIAL FUNCTION DEPT
ESF-1 COMMUNICATION BSNL
ESF-2 EVACUATION MC
ESF-3 SEARCH AND RESCUE FIRE SERVICES & MC
ESF-4 LAW AND ORDER POLICE
ESF-5 MEDICAL RESPONSE DHS
ESF-6 WATER SUPPLY MC
ESF-7 FOOD & SHELTER FOOD & SUPPLIES
ESF-8 EQUIPMENT SUPPORT MC, ENGINEERING
DEPT
ESF-9 HELPLINES DC OFFICE/
CONTROL ROOM
ESF-10 TRANSPORT TRANSPORT DEPT

 HOME GUARDS : ROLE AND
FUNCTIONS*The role of Home Guards is to serve as an auxiliary to the
Police in maintenance of law and order and internal security

*Help the community in any kind of emergency such as an air-

raids and disasters like fire, cyclones, earthquakes, epidemics
etc

*Help in maintenance of essential services

*Promote communal harmony

*Participate in socio-economic and welfare activities and

perform Civil Defence duties

*To maintain functional units to provide essential services such

as motor transport, Engineering groups,Fire Brigade,Nursing,
andFirst Aid, Operation ofPower Supply, Water installations
andCommunication systems.
 HOME GUARDS
The Home Guard was originally raised in the erstwhile Bombay state in 1946 in
accordance with the Home Guards Acts and Rules of States/Union Territories, under
the Ministry of Home Affairs

In the wake of Chinese aggression in 1962, the Centre advised the States and Union
Territories to merge their existing voluntary organisation into one uniform voluntary
force known as Home Guards

Home Guards are recruited from various cross sections of the civil society such as
professionals, college students, agricultural and industrial workers etc. who give
their spare time for betterment of the community. All citizens of India, in the age
group of 18-50, are eligible. Normal tenure of membership in Home Guards is 3 to 5
years
 CIVIL DEFENCE SET-UP :
CHANDIGARH

*DIRECTORATE OF CIVIL DEFENCE

*MAN POWER PROVIDED URBAN WING HOME GUARDS

*DISTT COMMANDER HOME GUARDS RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAINING OF CIVIL DEFENCE

VOLUNTEERS

*CONTROLLER OF CIVIL DEFENCE IS DEPUTY COMMISIONER /MAGISTRATE

*CHANDIGARH DIVIDED INTO DIVISIONS , POSTS AND SECTORS

*CHIEF WARDEN CONTROLS THE WARDEN HEIRARCHY

*SELECTION OF WARDENS DONE BY DISTT CDR HOME GUARDS AND CONTROLLER CIVIL
DEFENCE

*CONTROL CENTRE CONTROLS THE CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES OF THE TOWN

 CIVIL DEFENCE : ROLE AND FUNCTIONS

ROLE
*TO SAVE LIVES
*TO MINIMISE DAMAGE TO PROPERTY
*TO MAINTAIN CONTINUITY OF PRODUCTION
*TO KEEP UP MORALE

PRE-DISASTER

*PUBLIC AWARENESS
*COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING

POST DISASTER

*RESPONSE
*RELIEF
FIRE SERVICES
 FIRE SERVICES : CHANDIGARH

The Fire Brigade has seven fire stations with its Head Quarters located at Sector-17, adjoining theBus Stand. The Chief
Fire Officer, under the administration of Commissioner, Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh commands operations
The Fire Brigade handles about two emergency calls every day and is responsible for the minute to minute mobilization
of 234 personnel and 27 vehicles. The officers of the brigade are on 24 hours continuous duty system, whereas staff is
on 8 hours shift duty system

AVAILABLE WISH LIST/CAPACITY BUILDING

 INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY :
CHANDIGARH
Young volunteers can make a significant contribution to meeting the needs of the most vulnerable people within
their local communities through Red Cross youth programmes in promoting humanitarian principles and values;
Disaster response; Disaster preparedness; and Health and Care in the Community

President - The Chief Commissioner or the Advisor to the Administrator U.T. Chandigarh as the case may, be shall
be the President)
Chairman- The Deputy Commissioner, U.T. Chandigarh shall be Ex-officio Chairman)
Secretary
Joint Secretary
 The Community Based Disaster
Risk Management Programme

(CBDRM )
The key to reducing loss of life, personal injuries, and damage from
natural disasters is widespread public awareness and education. People
must be made aware of what natural hazards they are likely to face in
their own communities
The Community Based Disaster Risk Management Programme (CBDRM )
aims at creating awareness on disaster preparedness and emergency
response among people
Aim is to educate what to do during a hurricane, earthquake, flood, fire,
or other likely event, and what actions to take in its aftermath
Equally important, public officials and the media television, radio, and
newspapers must be fully prepared to respond effectively, responsibly,
and speedily to large-scale natural emergencies
 GENERATING AWARENESS
Home.Household survival plans should provide basic information on what hazardous events are most likely to
occur in particular communities, what emergency equipment and supplies should be on hand, what precautions
should be taken to limit damage, and what preparations should be made for escape and evacuation
The community.Community-wide planning and education should be encouraged. Schools, government
organizations, community and church groups, business and neighborhood organizations, hospital and medical
groups, and the news media should all be involved
School.Educational material about preparedness, warnings, and self-protection should be distributed to schools
for use in kindergarten through the 12th class. Teachers should be given training on integrating the materials
into the regular curricula so that all children receive the information they need to protect themselves from
disasters
The Workplace.Awareness and education for disaster mitigation and preparedness should be encouraged in
the workplace. Labor unions, industry management, government employers, and business groups should work
with disaster specialists and community agencies to produce and acquire the necessary training and information
material
Colleges and Universities.Community colleges as well as other colleges and universities should be
encouraged to include disaster management training in their curricula. Materials on mitigation and
preparedness should be made part of geoscience, meteorology, forestry, health, engineering, architecture,
education, planning, public administration, and business school programs
Public Officials and the Press.Special attention should be given to raising the level of knowledge and
expertise of public officials and the press, both of whom have central responsibilities for dealing with natural
disasters
 TRAINING FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Institute of Disaster Centre for Disaster Management

Management & Fire Science NIAR, LBS National Academy of
Rana Complex, Level-2, Maloya, Administration (collaboration with National
Disaster Management Authority, Government
CHANDIGARH-160 025
of India, New Delhi)
Email:idmfscare@gmail.co
 CAPACITY BUILDING

Necessity of establishment Disaster Management Plans at various levels

Need for state-of-the art emergency operation centres at the state and district level
Setting-up and use of wireless communication system for the stakeholders to more
effectively deal with an earthquake disaster scenario
Recognize capacity of having better road accessibility in case of disaster
Identification of requirements of state-of-the-art equipment and systematic
inventory of resources, both with govt and private sector
Need for adequate number of ambulances
Greater public awareness and sensitization of people for enhanced preparedness
The need to make younger generation aware of the earthquake hazards and coping
mechanism
 CAPACITY BUILDING :
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Always keep foundation of the building on hard
two feet six inches for a single-storey building
soil with proper width and depth not less than

Use only good quality cement, bricks, steel and water during construction
Keep the shape of the building rectangular (the length should not be more than three times the
breadth)
Try to avoid unnecessary balconies, projections and cantilevers. These are more dangerous
and collapse first during an earthquake
Bureau of Indian Standard strongly recommends (1:1.5:3) M-20 mix for all types of RCC work
All the walls of the buildings should be provided with reinforced cement concrete RCC
band (beam) at the plinth level, door level and roof level on all the walls to act as one unit
during earthquake
Construct multi-storey buildings with RCC column and beam-type construction (RCC framed
structure)
Spend more on structural safety than outer finish of the buildings and have safe
buildings
 VISION FOR CHANDIGARH

A safer, disaster resilient smart City with self-reliant prepared

communities whose development will not be affected by disastrous
events
Leadership:lateralandfromthefront
Excellence:Strivehardtodowhateverwedo.
Professionalism:Followtheskills,methodsandstandardsas
perrequirement
Accountability:forwhatwedoandwhatwedonotdo
Neutrality:Servicetoallsectorsofsocietyirrespectiveoftheircategory