Unit - ii

Housing
Types
Human Characteristics
Of A Place
 Attitudes
Values
Life style habits
Equity of gender
beliefs

Shaping of place
 THE RELATION OF HOUSE AND
SETTLEMENT:

The living pattern always extend beyond the house

house as
to some extent, it is necessary to see
part of total social system, and not
in isolation, which helps in understanding the
relation of man to its settlement.

House is only a small part of large settlement.

Moreover, each of the settlements has its own
customs, traditions, ideas.
Sectors of housing :

private : fetch a land and construct

public : government will have to

come up with public housing

-- Affordable housing
 Housing Typology
Based on

1. Number of units
2. Physical Composition
3. Structural Composition
4. Functional / Activity
 Housing unit types
Detached unit Semi detached Attached unit
unit
A detached home Consists of pairs of An attached
means that a home is houses built side-by- home means that
free of any shared side or (less a home shares a
walls and stands commonly) back-to- common party
alone. back, sharing a wall usually on
party wall and both sides of the
usually in such a way property.
that each house's
layout is a mirror
image of its twin.

Single
family

Multi
family

r
d
1 Single Family House :
Determine a single family
dwelling are that it sits on its own
piece of land and it is not
attached to anyone else's
residence.

Free-standing or detached
dwellings

Advantage Disadvantag
e
Own space / All maintenance
own property and repair cost
can be modified is own
or improved
2 Multi Family House :
Determine more than 2 to 3
family dwelling as such of
attached or semi detached
housing.

Attached or multi-user
dwellings

Advantage Disadvantag
e
Subsidy of Own responsible
payments on for maintenance
mortgage.

Attached
attached or multi-user dwellings based on

Arranged typically along Arranged typically

the horizontal along the vertical
Attached / Semi detached Duplex
Row house/ town house/ Triplex
terraced house Apartment
-small apartment
-low rise
-mid rise
-high rise
-apartment over
commercial
attached or multi-user dwellings based on
horizontal
1. Twin house or semi-detached:
One building consisting of two
separate "houses", typically side by
side, each with separate entrances
and without common inside areas. Each
of the two houses has separate owners.

2. Terraced house or Row house or

Townhouses:
houses attached to any number of
other houses.
Each house may have multiple floors,
side by side, each with their own separate
entrances.
where a row of identical or mirror-
image houses share side walls.
Arranged typically along the vertical

1. Two - unite or Duplex house:

A building basically like a house, built on a
house lot, consisting of an apartment taking up
the first floor, and another taking up the second
floor. usually a common basement, a common
front entrance, foyer, and stairs to the second
floor, and often a similar back entrance, foyer,
and stairs.

2. Three- unite or Triplex:

A building similar to the duplex,
except there are three apartments
over each other.
3. Apartment building:
A building with multiple
floors containing
multiple houses on each floor.
Apartment building can range in many sizes, some with
only a few houses, other with hundreds of apartments on
many floors, or any size in between.
 Types of housing

Incremental house
Villa
Apartment
Core housing
Cooperative
Condominiums
Town house
 Villa
Independent housing surrounded
Vacant by open space
land
small farming compounds,
house which were increasingly fortified

Ornamental
garden Only people who can
afford the transport
easily

Initial villas were,

Symmetrical in plan
services in basement Open
Styles : Greek, colonial , gothic, space
victorials, asymmetrical, sloped
roof
Open
space
 apartment
A multi story development
Space standards
Characteristics:
Planning of apartment: Shared facilities
Linear, Parking
radial , Vertical transition
dumb-belled
Types: Based on BHK
Based on floors Duplex
Serviced apartment Garden
Studio apartment studio
1BHK Pent house
2BHK Luxury apartment
3BHK
Duplex
 Core housing
Shared resources and community living

Land for construction is given in

loan along with materials.
Concept: Government will facilitate but wont
People should stay near give them full support.
by or in any place as a
temporary structure to
construct their house.

Basic principles:
Minimal unit
Highering a skilled work, training given to
the people / owner.
Sufficient space for expansion
Building materials are available locally.
Provision of basic facilities like water
supply and sanitation
Disadvantage :
More usage of land
Alterations can not be
done for high rise building
 Cooperative housing
Housing facility in a group
LIG & MIG
Financially lesser burden
Low interest loans are possible.

Common area
ownership is
shared

Employee housing
Employer will provide the housing
for employee

Ex : police quart, contract workers,

residence for judges.
Condominiums :
condominiums are apartments that have been
converted over the years. Extends inward from your
interior walls, floors and ceilings.
In addition, of the exterior structure (the foundation,
exterior walls and roof) as well as any common areas
and amenities (for example, swimming pools,
clubhouses, tennis courts, play areas, etc.)
Townhouses :
Townhouses often can make an excellent "middle ground"
between a detached single family home and a full fledged
condominium because, to some degree, they offer attributes of
both.

a townhouse as a home that is attached to one or more other

houses, but which sits directly on a parcel of land that can also
own (if the land is not owned then, it is a condominium).
Townhouses can ranges from duplexes and triplexes all the
way through huge townhouse communities consisting of
hundreds of similar homes.
Gated community concept :
2 to 3 houses in a row
Some common activities
Separate open space
Initially :- grid iron pattern of
settlement.
Now :- organic pattern

Villas next concept :

Then came the concept of apartment
MULTI STORY
DEVELOPEMENT
 Affordability:
Adequate shelter

Low cost Housing

Objective : Is to enable
large number of families with
available resources.
Methods of cost reduction :

1. Of all components of housing.

2. Through beneficiary community
participation.
3. Attempts to thwart labor.
4. Need for extension of work.
5. Building centers and technology.
Economic factors:

1. Constitute the major investment

2. Multiple role of housing
-employment facilities
-Accelerating economic growth in
building industry.
-Maintaining social ability.
-Maintaining health.
-Improving & augmenting the
national economy.
Other factors to be considered :

Type of building, stds, technology,

dependence of import, etc affect the quality
and unit price of the material &
components.

The wages & productivity of building labor

are affected by the technology used,
degree of mechanization, skill, social
overheads, etc.

The contractor overheads & profits.

Taxation & finance are conditioned by Govt

SLUMS :

Any area unfit for human habitation by reason

of-
- dilapidation,
Overcrowding,
faulty arrangement and design of
such buildings,
narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets,
Lack of ventilation,
light or sanitation facilities,
or any combination of
above factors, are detrimental to safety, health or
morals,
UN Habitat define slum as as a group of individuals
living under the same roof that
lack one or more (in some cities, two or more) of the
following conditions:

i. security of tenure,
ii. structural quality and
iii. durability of dwellings,
iv. access to safe water,
v. access to sanitation facilities and
vi. sufficient living area.