BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

AL. SAFRIN JEEZAN

LC0007000025
BSC.(HONS.)IN NURSING
YEAR2,SEMESTER1
TEACHING AND LAERNING1
LBNS1108
LINCOLN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
MALAYSIA
 LEARNING OUTCOME

at the end of the session student will be able to;

Discuss the definition and causes of bronchial asthma.
briefly describe the pathopysiology of asthma.
Describe the types of asthma.
Describe the clinical features of bronchial asthma and signs and
symptoms of severe condition.
Describe the treatment of bronchial asthma.
Briefly describe the clinical features of asthma in acute and chronic
condition.
Briefly explain the complication of asthma.
 DEFINITION OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Bronchial asthma is the common asthma which is an

inflammatory disease of airways, that causes periodic
attacks of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and
chest tightness.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

It is divided in 3 types.
Bronchospasm.
Mucosal oedema.
An increase of viscid mucus secretion.
 TYPES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Allergic
Non allergic
Mixed allergic bronchial asthma
 ALLERGIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

THIS IS THE MOST COMMONLY FOUND ASTHMA.

ALSO CALLED AS EARLY ONSET ASTHMA.
THIS STARTS FROM CHILDHOOD OR MIDDLE
AGE WHO ARE VULNERABLE TO ALLERGENS.
ALLERGENS ARE SUCH AS HOUSE DUST,
COTTON DUST, POLLENS, ANIMAL HAIRS, MOLD,
PET DANDER ETC.
THIS TYPE CAN BE ASSUMES AS HEREDITARY
CONDUCTION.
 NONALLERGIC ASTHMA
This can also be called as late asthma or intrinsic asthma.
This can be found often in childhood or after thirty years of age.
It doesnt have the influence of allergens.
It is triggered by the factors such as viral infections, air pollutants,
strong odors, certain medications, stress, anxiety, exercise, cold
air, dry air, hyperventilation and other irritants.
Family history of allergies is relatively rare here.
 MIXED BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

This is a common form of asthma.

This is triggered by both allergic and nonallergic
substances.
 CAUSES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Allergies.
Genetic factors.
Aspirin and related substances.
Increased numbers of eosinophils.
Environmental factors.
Occupational factors.
Tobacco smoke.
Exercise.
Infections like cold, flu, pneumonia.
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BRONCHIAL
ASTHMA
Cough.
Shortness of breath.
Wheezing.
Chest pain or tightness.
Difficulty in breathing.
 CLINICAL FEATURES OF
SEVERE ACUTE ASTHMA

In severe condition.
Sudden onset of Wheezing.
Difficulty in breathing/ Dyspnoea.
Unproductive cough.
Gasping and exhausting.
Lips and tongue become blue.
 CLINICAL FEATURES OF CHRONIC ASTHMA

Continuous wheezing.
Breathlessness.
Recurrent episodes of respiratory infection.
Product cough.
 DIAGNOSIS

Typical clinical
manifestations and lung
function assessment are
sufficient for diagnosis of
asthma.
 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Asthma is to be differentiated with a number of

diseases manifesting with dyspnea-cardiac, uremic,
hysteric carcinoma and chronic obstructive lung
diseases.
 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA
Evaluate respiratory rate or depth and breath sound.
Assist client to maintain a comfortable position.
Encourage in deep-breathing.
Obtain history of reason medication.
Obtain baseline data on respiratory function.
The nurse must follow physicians order.
The nurse has to ensure that long term asthma medications.
Check results of diagnostic procedures.
Assess vital science every fifteen to thirty minutes in initial treatment period.
 Observe for changes in level of consciousness.
Removing any potential allergen or triggers from environment.
Maintaining a quiet calm environment.
Monitoring the side affects of administrated medication.
Monitor the arterial blood gases.
Prepare for mechanical ventilation if patent cannot. breath on
his own
 TREATMENT OF ASTHMA

Treatment of acute asthma bronchodilator therapy

Albuterol (salbutamol)provides rapid, dose-dependent
broncho dilation.
Continuous administration may be more effective in
severe exacerbation.
Levalbuterol is the R- isomer of albuterol.
Oral administration of prednisolone.
Inhaled corticosteroid.
 COMPLICATION OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Emphysema
Permanent narrowing of bronchioles.
Pneumothorax
Corpulmonale
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