Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
Fluid Compartments
only in capillaries are walls thin enough for exchange between plasma
copyright cmassengale 14
Transport Pasif
Difusi Sederhana
Tidak Membutuhkan energi
Perpindahan molekul dari
konsentrasi tinggi ke
konsentrasi rendah
Contoh: Oxygen dan air
berdifusi ke dalam sel dan
carbon dioxide berdifusi keluar
sel
copyright cmassengale 15
DIFUSI
Tidak
membutuhkan
energi
Molekul
berpindah dari
konsentrasi
TINGGI KE
konsentrasi
RENDAH
copyright cmassengale 17
DIFUSI
Difusi adalah
proses PASIF
tidak
membutuhkan
energi untuk
membuat molekul
berpindah, karena
memiliki ENERGI
KINETIK alami
copyright cmassengale 18
Diffusion of Liquids
copyright cmassengale 19
Difusi Melewati Membran
Cell membrane
copyright cmassengale 20
Osmosis
Difusi
Diffusion across a
zat pelarut membrane
(misal : air) melewati
membran
semipermeabe
Perpindahan dari
Semipermea
area dengan ble
konsentrasi air membrane
TINGGI ke area
dengan konsentrasi
air (zat pelarut)
RENDAH
copyright cmassengale 21
OSMOSIS
TRANSPOR AKTIF
Membutuhkan
energi atau ATP
Memindahkan
material dari
konsentrasi
RENDAH ke
konsentrasi TINGGI
MELAWAN gradien
konsentrasi
copyright cmassengale 23
Transpor Aktif
Contoh: Pemompaan
Na+ (sodium ions) out
and K+ (potassium
ions) in against
strong concentration
gradients.
Called Na+-K+ Pump
copyright cmassengale 24
Pompa Natrium Kalium
27-34
Hormonal Regulation of Blood
Volume
Hormonal Regulation of Blood
Volume
27-36
RegulationofECFVolume
water follows salt
Fluid imbalance between the
intracellular and interstitial fluids
can be caused by a change in
their osmolarity.
Most often a change in
osmolarity is due to change in
Na+ concentration:
Increasing IF osmolarity draws
water out of cellscells shrink
Decreasing IF osmolarity causes
cells to swell
When water is consumed faster
than the kidneys can excrete it,
water intoxication may result.
Fluid extravasations
and accumulation in
the interstitial spaces
EDEMA
Increased fluid in the interstitial tissue
spaces
Fluid may also accumulate in body cavities:
1. Hydrothorax
2. Hydropericardium
3. Hydroperitoneum is also called Ascites
Anasarca
Fluid Homeostasis
Homeostasisismaintainedby
theopposingeffectsof: Lymphatics
1. VascularHydrostatic
Pressure
and
2. PlasmaColloidOsmotic
Pressure
Pathophysiologic Categories
of Edema
I. Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
II. Reduced Plasma Oncotic Pressure
III. Inflammation
IV. Others
ELECTROLYTES IN BODY FLUIDS
activities.
Carry electrical current, which allows production of action
7.45
diet high in proteins tends to acidify the blood
(pCO2)
Senyawa yang menjadi perantara adalah H2CO3
Sistem pernafasan
Ginjal
Mekanisme Intraseluler
27-66
Regulation of blood pH by the
respiratory system
pH modified by changing rate &
depth of breathing:
H+ detected by chemoreceptors
in medulla oblongata, carotid &
aortic bodies
27-68
Kidney Regulation of Acid-Base
Balance
PERANAN HEPAR
Berperan dala pengaturan metabolisme zat-zat yang berperan
dalam keseimbangan asam-basa
Peran hepar adalah dalam metabolisme ion organis seperti :
laktat, keton, asam amino, metabolisme amonium, produksi
albumin, produksi CO2 sebagai hasil akhir metabolisme
Pembentukan CO2 di hepar sebagai hasil akhir metabolisme
memiliki peran bermakna
CO2 yang terbentuk akan berdifusi keluar sel hepar larut
bereaksi dengan Hb melepaskan ion H+ dan HCO3-
Matabolisme zat2 di hepar membutuhkan H+ membantu
sistem penyangga bikarbonat
Bila terjadi kerusakan sel hepar oksidasi tidak sempurna di
mitokondria sel hepar menghasilkan benda-benda keton
Ketoasidosis (salah satu jenis asidosis metabolik)
HCO3-
Respiratory acidosis / alkalosis are primary disorders of
blood PCO2.
Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis are primary disorders of HCO3-
concentration
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Abnormally low PCO2 in systemic arterial blood
- Cause is hyperventilation due to O2 deficiency from high altitude or
pulmonary disease, stroke, severe anxiety, aspirin overdose
- Renal compensation involves decrease in excretion of H+ and increase
reabsorption of bicarbonate
- One simple treatment to breathe into paper bag for short time