INTRODUCTION

Demography:
# Study of population dynamics
# Scientific study of human population primarily with respect to their
size, structure and development
# Is the study of the size, territorial distribution and composition of the
population, changes therein and the components of such changes
which may be identified as natality, mortality, migration and social
mobility.
 INTRODUCTION
Population:
# The total number of inhabitants found within a defined geographical area and
time period

Population growth rate:

# The rate at which population is increasing or decreasing in a given year due to
natural increase. Nigerias current growth rate is 3.2%(NDHS 2008)
# Crude birth rate- no of births/1000 pop/year currently 45/1000(2006
Census)
# Crude death rate-no of deaths/1000 pop/year 14/1000 (2006 Census)
 INTRODUCTION
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
# This is the average number of children a woman can have throughout her
childbearing years(15-49 years). Currently 5.7 in Nigeria(NDHS 2008)

DEPENDENCY RATIO
# This is the ratio of the economically dependent part of a population to the
productive part i.e. the elderly (65+yrs) and the young (15yrs and below) to
the population in the working ages (15-64 yrs)
# Largely defines the age structure of the population population pyramid
Population Pyramids

Developingcountry
Advanced economy
Demographic Transition

Four Phases
1. High birth rate, fluctuating death rate(Uganda,
Afghanistan, ? Nigeria)
2. Declining birth and death rates(Ghana, Iraq)
3. Birth rate approaching replacement(India, Malaysia,
Gabon)
4. Low to very low birth rate, very low death
rate(Brazil, Germany, Japan)
CONTRACEPTION
Population
vs social and economic
development.
Initial
drive of population control via
contraception
Paradigm shift to reproductive health
in 1994.
Contraception now projected within
human rights and medical
perspective.
NATIONAL POPULATION
POLICY

1stpolicy was born in 1988

and reviewed in 2004 and
called the National
population policy for
sustainable development
and self reliance.
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY

The aim is to ensure that the

policy contributes to long-
term sustainable development
in Nigeria and provides a basis
for improvement and more
effective population and
development interventions.
FRAMEWORK OF POLICY-1

1. Addresses the
relationships between
population, social and
economic
development, and the
environment.
FRAMEWORK OF POLICY-1
2. Focuses on related issues of
reproductive health and rights,
including maternal health, family
planning, adolescent reproductive
health, HIV/AIDS and other sexually
transmitted infections, male
involvement, women empowerment,
gender equity and equality, and the
girl child
FRAMEWORK OF POLICY-2
3. The policy also addresses the importance of
data collection, dissemination, and use, and
highlights advocacy, behavioral change
communication strategies, and a
streamlined institutional framework as
critical elements to effective
implementation.

4. Respect for the rights of couples and

individuals underlie the entire policy.
Most populous countries(2011)
Country Population(millions)
China 1,346
India 1,241
USA 312
Indonesia 238
Brazil 197
Pakistan 177
Nigeria 162
Bangladesh 151
Russia 143
Japan 128
Projected Pop of Nigeria in 2050=433(3rd position). Source : wwwprb.org
 Population Clock
Population Time World More Less
parameter developed developed
Countries Countries

Population 6.99 B 1.24B 5.74B

Births per Year 139,558,000 14,070,000 125,488,000
Minute 266 27 239
Deaths Year 56,611,000 12,201,000 44,410,000
Minute 108 23 84
Natural Year 82,947,000 1,869,000 81,078,000
increase
Minutes 158 4 154
Infant Death Year 6,078,000 77,000 6,001,000
Minute 12 0.1 11

Source: Population Reference Bureau: www.prb.org

GNI per capita (2009)
Country GNI
WORLD 10,240
More developed 32,470
Least developed 1,220
Sub-Saharan Africa 2,000
Northern Africa 5,540
Libya 16,400
Cape Verde 3,530
Nigeria 2,070
Liberia 290
Seychelles 16,790
South Africa 10,050
Brazil 10,160
Luxembourg 59,590
 Nigerian Demographic profile-1

Population= 144.7 million

Growth rate= 3.2%
Adolescence constitutes about 50% of the
population
U5s 20%
High dependency ratio
Fertility rate=5.7
Reproductive age grroup=31million(46%)
Crude Birth Rate: 45 per 1000
population(2006 census)
 Nigerian Demographic profile-2

Crude death rate : 14/1000(2006

census)
Population Doubling Time: 23 years
Total Fertility Rate: 5.7
Infant Mortality Rate: 77 per 1000live
births
Maternal Mortality Ratio: 545/100,000
Life expectancy at Birth: 53.2 years
Nigerian Demographic
profile-3

National 53.2 years

Southeast 52
Southwest 62.3
North central 52
Northeast 52
Northwest 52
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PATTERN ACROSS
NIGERIA
MEDIAN AGE AT 1ST COITUS

SW
20 S.E.
N.C.
18
NATIONAL

16 N.E. N.W.

14

12

10
1999 2003

0
NATIONAL N.E. N.W. S.E. SW N.C.
 MEDIAN AGE AT 1ST MARRIAGE

25

S .E S .W

20
NATIONAL N.C

N.E
N.W
15

1999 2003

10

0
NATIONAL N.E N.W S .E S .W N.C
 ADOLESCENT FERTILITY

60
N.W

N.E

50

40

30
AFR

NATIO NAL

N.C
20

S.E S.W
10

0
NATIO NAL S.E S.W N.C N.E N.W
 MEDIAN AGE AT 1ST BIRTH

21.5
SW
SE

21

20.5
NATIONAL

NC
20

19.5

19
NW 1st BIRTH

18.5 NE

18

17.5

17

16.5
NATIONAL NE NW SE SW NC
NIGERIAS TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR) PATTERN
NATIONAL TFR TREND

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.1
6

5.9
TFR

5.8
5.7

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4
1981 1990 2003
ZONAL TFR PATTERN - 2003

N.E.
N.W.
7

NATIONAL N.C
6

5 S.S.

S.E S.W.

TFR
3

0
NATIONAL N.C N.E. N.W. S.E S.S. S.W.
 MATERNAL & INFANT MORTALITY PATTERNS IN NIGERIAN
ZONES

Fig. 2: M aternal M ortality in Nigeria by Zone

North East 1549

North W est 1025

South East 256

South West 165

Rural 826

Urban 351

National 704

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

FMOH 2007 24
 TRENDS IN WOMENS USE OF MODERN
CONTRACEPTIVES
35 SW

30

25 SE

20
1999
15 NC 2003
NATIONAL
10
NE NW
5

0
NATIONAL NE NW SE SW NC
CONTRACEPTION Vs MATERNAL
SURVIVAL
FREQUENT MATERNAL DEATH:
Too early (<18 years) childbearing
Too frequent (<2 years)
Too many (>5 parity)
Too late (>35 years)
Hence family planning is one of the 4 pillars of Safe Motherhood Initiative
AS A PILLAR.

27
 ENHANCED PILLARS OF SAFE
MOTHERHOOD
Safe Motherhood
Focused Ante-Natal Care

Emergency Obst. Care

Newborn Care
Clean and Safe delivery

Post-Abortion Care

STIs/ PMTCT-Plus
Family Planning

Post-Natal Care
Skilled Birth Attendants

Communication for Behavior Change + Male involvement

Primary Health Care / Supportive Health Systems

28
Equity, Reproductive Health Rights and Education for Women
Definition of FP
The WHO definition of Family Planning:

A way of thinking and living that is

adopted voluntarily upon the basis of
knowledge, attitudes and responsible
decisions by individuals and couples in
order to promote health and welfare of the
family group and thus contribute
effectively to the social development of
the country.
Benefits of FP
Decrease in maternal and infant mortality
Decrease in complications of pregnancy and
delivery
Prevention of unwanted pregnancies
Prevent or reduce the incidence of genetic
disease
Improvementof socio-economic levels of
families/communities/nations
FAMILY PLANNING COMMODITIES
1. Hormone: COC, POP, Injectables,
Implants etc.
2. Barrier: Male & Female Condoms,
Diaphrams, etc.
3. FAB
4. LAM
5. Permanent Methods: BTL, Vasectomy,
TAH, etc.
COMMODITY LOGISTICS

Donor Agencies >

Federal Ministry of
Health > State MOH>
PHC/ Family Planning
Clinic> End Users
COMMODITY LOGISTIC
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Accurate and timely reports

and orders from providers
help supply chain managers
determine what products
are needed, how much to
buy and where to distribute
them.
COMMODITY LOGISTIC
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Daily: - Track number and types of
contraceptives dispensed to clients
-Maintain proper storage conditions
- Provide Contraceptive to clients
by First Expiry, First Out
management of stock method.
COMMODITY LOGISTIC
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Regularly:- Count stock to know
when
to make order
- Work with Community
based distribution
agents
- Report.
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION