OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE A SCHOOLS EXAMINATION BOARD General Certificate Examination Advanced Level 9662)1 CHEMISTRY 14 ‘Monday, 29 June 1981. 1} hours Answer aa many questions as you can. For cach question five possible answers, labled A, B, C, D and B, are given, Choose the one of these which you consider to be correct and record your choice in soft pencil ape separate anor sh Mate atin tha th number on the anor als oresponds fo the number question you are answering. If you change your mind abou an answer, rub out the line as completely as possible Before making anther Tine, Paper is provided for rough work; this should not be given up. Data Books are not available for this paper. P9420 ‘Turn overa 1. ‘Tho diagram below shows # radioactive source in a lead block which is emitting ‘mixed a, B, y tadia- tion through an electrie field towards a photographie plate. radioactive source electric field ly photographic | plete ‘Which one of the following arrangements would be produced on the photographie plate? A B c D iS } x x x x x ‘le “fe sje oe a] e al « ye a] o| ‘le ye ale ole ale yo | : T Y Y ¥ ¥ 2, Which one of the following molecules is not chiral? ‘A. OH,CHBrCH,Br B_ BrCH,CH(OH)CH,Br C OH,CH(CH,)CHBrCH, D BrCH,CH(CH,)CH,OH CH,CH(OH)CH,Br 3. Which one of the following diagrams correctly represents the way in which the distribution of molecular velocities varice with temperature? (nis the number of molecules with velocity #;; temperature 17s greater than 7,,) A B " i D E P 94204, A racemic mixturo is defined as ‘A. a pair of enantiomers mixed in equal proportions. B_ a mixture of any number of optical isomers whose net optical rotation is zero. Gan equimolar mixture of two geometrical isomers. D_ a mixture of any two optieal isomers. Ea mixture of substances which has no effect upon polarised light, 55. The figure is the phase diagram for the tin-lead system. Temperature 0 “Composition per cent by weight of lead 00 At point X the system consists of solid lead and liquid of eutectic composition. solid lead and liquid of composition about 50 per cent lead by mass. solid tin and solid load. solid tin and liquid of eutectic composition. solid tin and liquid lead. noOUD 6, In the following graphs, [X] is the concentration of a particular reactant X at various times, f, for five different reactions A, B, C, D and E. Which one of these reactions is first order with respect to this reactant (everything else assumed present in excess)? A B Cc % a . | oO oO 7 0 = D ze 109 Bd tog Dd P 9420 ‘Turn over4 7. When a mass. of a protein is dissolved in a volume V of water, the solution has an osmotio pressure of Tat an absolute (Kelvin) temperature 7’. If Ris the gas constant, the molar mass of the protein is given by A DV/eRP B TRV ie? © enymRY D RV E sRT/0V 8. Tho ionic product (Ky) for water at 0 °C is 1.15x 10- mol# dm-* and at 60 °C is 9.6% 10-24 mol! dm-, From this it can be deduced that the sign of the standard enthalpy change (AH®) for the forward reaction H,0() & HX(eq)+0H-(aq) is positive because the dissociation of water is very small at both tomperatures. the reaction involves splitting off a proton. the equilibrium is very much to the left. the amount of dissooiation increases with increasing temperature, the dissociation of water is exothermic. 9. In the equilibrium OsH;COOH(aq)-+-H,0(1) = CyH,COO-(aq)-+-H,0"(aq), ‘the equilibrium constant is most likely to be changed by A. adding a suitable catalyst, B adding water. © adding sodium benzoate (0,H,COONa) solution. D_ adding dilute sulphuric acid. E_ heating the mixture, BoouD 10. The integrated rate equation for a first order reaction has the form «Jc = expkt, where o = concentration, = time and k = rate constant. ‘The relationship between the half-life fy and the rate ‘constant for a first order reaction is therefore = Inky —Inkty ity —hy m2 by 11, A solution of a strong monobasic acid has a pH of 2.7. The concentration of the acid is approxi- mately 2.7 mol dm-* 107 mol dm-* 7X10-* mol dm-* 2x10-* mol dm-* 2% 108 mol dm-® wBouawD> 12. Which one of the following equations represents the process by which the standard electrode potential of is dainedt ‘Mo¥(s)-4-n0- moo 5 & = 3 MH(g) +0 ‘P94206 13. The solubility product of lead chloride, PbCl,, is given by A [Poor B Poe for] © APp+TC-] D 4{pb‘ytcr-F E [Pb yci-ye 14, Which one of the following statements about the standard enthalpy of combustion of ethane is correct ? {Ie refers to the formation of one mole of carbon dioxide. Tvrefers to the formation of one mole of liquid water. Terefers to combustion in a closed container, at constant volume, Water formed in the reaction is in the vapour stato, Combustion must be carried out in an excess of oxyyen. weoouD 15. The diagram below relates to the reaction between carbon and hydrogen to give methane. | Eg= + 1580 ki mol! E, == 80k mol™! Cs) +2H2(9)/ (reagent) Teaction co-ordinate (product) eosin) From this diagram it may be deduced that the activation energy for the reverso reaction (methane to carbon and hydrogen) would be +1660 kJ mol-+ +1980 kT mol-* +80 kJ mol? =1580 kT mol-* 1660 ki mol-* mHoauD> 16. An clement X which occurs in the first short period has an outer electronic structure stp? What are the formula and acid-base character of ite principal oxide? XO, basic XO, acidic X0,, acidic A B cc D E Turn over‘ = 17. An clement X reacts according to the following scheme: X-tearbon S88, y FH? white procipitate+- flammable gas ato Hog) clear solution £28) white procipitate M20!) station “aiaowrag Thite precipitate Tho cloment X is A aluminium, B calcium. © magnesium, D silicon, sodium, 18. In which one of the following compounds is strong hydrogen-bonding likely to occur? A (CH) B (CHS © (CH,),0 D CHOH R CHE 19, ‘The oxido of « metal X is insoluble in water but it dissolves in aqueous ammonia to form a complex cation [X(NH,},]* and in convenirated hydrochloric acid to form a complex anion [XCL]>-, On. ‘with dilute sulphuric acid, the metal oxide gives a blue solution and a deposit of the metal X. ‘The mn oxide is A G0 B 0u,0 © Ag,0 D 0,0, E Fe,0, 20. Zino(t) chloride, ZnCl, is not formed from zine and chlorine because the Zn* ion is so strongly polarising that complexes are always formed, chlorine is too weak an oxidising agent, its formation would involve breaking into a filled d-shell of electrons. ‘the second ionisation potential of zinc is lower than the frst, ine(n) chloride, ZnCl,, has a much higher lattice energy than zino(t) chloride. woo 21. Compared with the precoding e-block elements, the elements of the frst transition sores have langor atomic radii, less tendeney to form complexes. more negative standard electrode potentials. generally greater electronegativity. Jess tendanay to form coloured salts. 22. The corrosion (rusting) of iron in the presence of water ean be most effectively slowed down by ‘connecting the iron to magnesium, connecting the iron to copper. ‘adding alkali until tho pH of the water is 10. ‘adding acid until the pH of the water is 4. ‘adding an oxidising agent to the water. BUObPH HUOmD 23. Which one of the following reactions ia characteristic of aluminium hydroxide? ‘Ie reacts with sulphurio acid to give a white precipitate of aluminium sulphate. ‘It fumes in the presence of hydrochlorio acid because volatile aluminiam chloride is formed. Ie reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a white precipitate of aluminium chloride, It reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give a whito precipitate of sodium aluminate. ‘Te dissolves in aqueous sodium hydroxide to give a solution of sodium aluminate, moawE” ~ é7 24. Which one of the following statements is probably cortect for the halogen astatine, which lies below iodino in the Periodio Table? A bisa diatomic gas at normal temperature and pressure. B_ It oxidises chloride ions to chlorine. G It forms a hydride which undergoes considerable hydrogen bonding. D__It undergoes simultaneous oxidation and reduction when treated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. E_ It is more electronegative than iodine. 25. An clement forms two acidio oxides and a hydride which forms a salt with hydrogen iodide but not with hydrogen chloride, The element is chromium, phosphorus. sodium, sulphur. sine, moomD 26. Which one of the following compounds reacts with aqueous sodium nitrite and dilute hydrooklorio ‘acid to give a colourless gas? CH,CH,CH—=CH, (CH,CH,C#H,CH,OH HOCH,CH,CH,CH,OH CH,COOCH,CH, (CH,CH,CH,CH,NH, Boom 27, Which one of tho following is an example of a free radical reaction? ‘the reaction between benzene and nitric/sulphurie acids tthe reaction between bromoethane (ethylbromide) and potassium oyanide ‘the reaction between ethane and chlorine ‘ho reaction between ethanol and ethsnoio (acetic) acid the reaction between ethanal (acetaldehyde) and hydrogen cyanide moouD ‘The compound [" ] can be prepared by L NO, A. the reaction of nitrobenzene with chloromethane (methyl chloride) and aluminium trichloride. B_ tho nitration of methylbenzene (tclueno) with concentrated nitric acid end concentrated sulphuric seid. © the displacement of the bromine of methyl-4-bromobenzene with silver nitrate, D_ tho displacoment of the bromine of methyl-4-bromobenzene with sodium nitrite, E_ tho reduction of 4-nitrobenzoio acid with lithium tetrahydridoaluminate (lithium aluminium hydride). 29. Tho primary distillation of crude petroleum on a large scale A separates the mixture into its pure components. B_ separates the mixture into a number of simpler mixtures. G separates saturated from unsaturated compounds, D_ converts unwanted compounds into wanted ones. E decreases the average relative molecular mass of the hydrocarbon mixture. P9420 Turn over8 30. Which one of the following statements about carbon-carbon bonding in benzene molecules is correct? A. The carbon atoms are joined by alternate single and double bonds B_ Tho bonds are of equal length. C_ The bonds oscillate between single and double bonds. D_ The carbon atoms are rapidly moving between singly- and doubly-bonded positions. E_ Benzene is an equimolar mixture of singly and doubly bonded molecules, 1. Tho main organic product of the reaction between concentrated alooholio potassiumhydroxideand ‘2methyl-2-chloropropane, (CH),0Cl is aa 33. (CH),0OH (CHt,),COO(CH,), (CH,),0=CH, (CH,),COCL (CH,},0=0 oxidation of propan-2-l, CH,CH(OH)CH, by sodium dichromate(vi) leads tothe formation of propanone (CH,COCH,). propan-L-ol (CH,CH,CH,0H). ‘propanoic acid (CH,CH,COOH). propanal (CH,CH,CHO). * methoxyethane (CH,OCH,CH,). wvamr Be HCO R> ‘Many onganic reactions aro carried out using ethanol as solvent. Which one of the following reagents may be used in this medium? A chromium(v1) oxide (trioxide) B_ potassium manganate(vm) (permanganate) C sodium ethoxide D_ ethanoyl (acetyl) chloride E_ iodine and alkali. 34, Which one of the following equations correctly represents the aldol reaction, involving propanone acetone)? P9420 A nal cH, sree 2 enya c 2CH,! pia CH 's oO D 2CH,¢CH, > HOD 00H,9OH, Hy ox ~ B 201,008, > aw cs35. the follo 37, involve 39. 9 When sodium chlorate) (hy ite) solution is added to propanone (acotone), which one of wing compounds is produced? A. chloroethane (ethyl chloride) B_ 1,1-dichloroethane G trichloromethane (chloroform) D_ 2,2-dichloropropano E_ chloroethanoie (chiloroacetie) acid thanol and ammonium ethanoate (acetate). ethylamine and ethanoie (acetic) acid, ethanol and ethanamide (acetamide). ethyl aminoethanoate (aminoacetate). an addition product of structure: OG,H, A. methanoio (formic) acid and benzene, B_ mothanoic acid and phenol G methanol and benzoie acid. D_ methane and benzoio acid. E methanol and benzoyl chloride. A general method for separating benzene from a mixture of benzene and an organi amine could A. adding ethanol to the mixture B_ buming off the benzeno, C shaking the mixture with dilute aqueous aci D shaking the mixture with dilute aqueous alkali, E_ nitrating the benzene with a nitrating mixture, Ja the manufcture of sodium hydroxide by electrolysis of brine a flowing mercury cathode is ‘used because the discharge potential of sodium ions is particularly low on merowy. hydrogen ions have a large over-voltage on mercury. chloride ions discharge in proference to hydroxide ions when ‘mercury cathode is used. sodinm amalgam does not react with water. chlorine gas does not react with meroury. woomp P9420 ‘Turn over10 40. Fragments of a metal sheet were dissolved in dilute nitrio acid to give a pale green solution, Z, having the following reactions: z NaOH, bi, ter precipitate fltzate (ional (colourless) | toto Hoe) alate HNO,eq) brown white solution procipitate Baro aa) exces diate HNO¥() ue ‘colouitless pa ohiton = | EH | soon = a precipitate precipitate ‘The metal was brass (copper-zine alloy). bronze (copper-tin alloy). Duralumin (coppor-aluminium alloy). chromium plated steel. galvanised iron (iron coated with zinc). BuOnD Pod,