Chapte3-

r 6
FLOOD & FLOOD
CONTROL
INTEGRATED FLOOD
MANAGEMENT
INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT

DEVELOPMENT DILEMMA

Development imperatives
Poverty alleviation
Improving livelihood and human security
Need for interference in fluvial Ecosystem

Preservation of Fluvial ecosystem

Harmonizing conflicting objectives

Integrated flood management

 INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT

Objectives of IFM:
Maximizing net benefits from flood plains
Reducing loss of life from flooding
Reducing flood vulnerability and risks
Preserving ecosystems and their associated biodiversity
CONSEQUENCES OF STRUCTURAL MEASURES

Natural environment of the rivers is altered :

River shape is fixed
River channels are separated from their flood plains
Natural morphological and ecological processes are impeded.

Resulting in:
Maximizing net benefits from flood plains
Reducing loss of life from flooding
Reducing flood vulnerability and risks
Preserving ecosystems and their associated biodiversity
Loss of habitat
Loss of biological diversity
Loss of ecosystem productivity
Loss of services provided by such ecosystems
 UNDERSTANDING ECOSYSTEMS

It requires knowledge on:

1. Basic concepts of river morphology (seen in the last

chapter)

2. Flood processes and ecosystem services: interrelationship

3. Impact of flood management interventions on ecosystems

4. Mitigation Measures
 FLOOD MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS AND
THEIR IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS

Reservoirs and Dams:

Store flood waters and sediment

Submerge large areas upstream
Destroy forests and other vegetation.
Destroy or disturb habitat of terrestrial
fauna and microorganism.
Prevent seasonal fish migration.
Modify flow regime in the downstream and
reduce sediment discharge.
Changes in morphologic features
Drastic changes in habitat for flora and
fauna
Water quality changes
Toxic algal growth
Adverse impact on downstream food web
 FLOOD MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS AND
THEIR IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS

FLOOD EMBANKMENTS/ DYKES/ LEVEES:

Reduction in flood plain inundation

Disrupt lateral hydrological connectivity

Increased flow velocities

Changes in sediment transport

Reduction in habitat heterogeneity

 FLOOD MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS AND
THEIR IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS

DETENTION AND RETENTION BASINS

Reduce peak floods downstream

These basins can act as wetlands or permanent

ponds

Create habitat for aquatic and semi-aquatic species

FLOOD MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS AND
THEIR IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS

BYPASS AND DIVERSION CHANNELS

Reduce flood discharge in bypassed reach.
Drastic change in habitat for flora and fauna.
Change in morphologic features

CHANNALIZATION
Simplifies channel form and flood plain
Disconnects the channel from side channel features
Changes sediments transport and deposition process
Reduces habitat diversity
THANK
YOU