Graphic adapters and monitors

the summary

1
 Outline
The summary of principles of displaying the information
adapters and monitors.
Black and white monitors.
Digital monitors.
Analog monitors.
LCD monitors and analog interface.
LCD monitors and DVI interface.

2
 How CRT monitor is constructed?

CRT Cathode Ray Tube Controller

This is the situation in black and white monitor one electron beam.
Color monitor three electron beams.

3
 The image on screen how it works?
Black and white monitor (mono monitor) just two colors
are displayed.
Information about color is stored in video memory as 0
and 1.
This information is transported to monitor as analog
signal.
The voltage is brought to anode, the beam of electrons is
either accelerated (the fluorescent layer at this dot is
illuminated) or not (the fluorescent layer at this dot is not
illuminated)
The levels of grey color not only two values of voltage
are available, but more values. The number of analog
values depends on the number of bits used to represent
the information about the dot color. The digital value is
converted into analog voltage which is transported to
monitor and its anode.
4
 The image on screen mono monitor

Cable: 0/1 voltage

Grapfic

monitor
adapter
cable

Video memory: 0/1

(dot is The consequence: the dots on monitor are
illuminated/is not illuminated/are illuminated according to
illuminated the information brought from video
memory
System bus
Typical for text mode.

5
 The image on screen mono monitor (graphics)

analog voltage
Grapfics

monitor
adapter
cable

Video memory:
several bits 0/1 for Analog voltage it is generated in graphics
each pixel adapter by converting binary representation
of the pixel color (in fact level of grey color)
to the analog voltage transported through
System bus the cable to monitor.
With this voltage applied to anode, the beam of electrons is accelerated
different voltage different energy with which the beam of electrons
hits the fluorescent layer (pixel)on the screen different intensity of
pixel.
6
 The image on screen color monitor (digital control)
Cable: 0/1 for each
color R,G,B

Graphics

monitor
adapter
cable

Video memory: 0/1

(the pixel lights/does not light),
this information is available for
each color R,G, B

System bus

7
 The image on screen color monitor (analog control)
System bus
Cable: analog
voltage for each
color R,G,B

Graphics

monitor
adapter
cable

Video memory: certain number

of bits 6/8/ . for each color
R,G,B
The conversion to analog
voltage for each color R, G, B
one DAC is needed

8
 LCD monitor, DVI interface
cable: 3 color
components, the
information is
transported serially in
digital form
Graphics

monitor
adapter
cable

The reasons for serial interface: faster communication, wider

bandwidth, higher resolution.