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ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE

PLANNING
TOPIC: ENERGY

LECTURE 1
Date : 26 December
2016
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Energy
The word energy is derived from the Ancient Greek word

energeia activity, operation


which possibly appears for the first time in the work of Aristotle
in the 4th century BC.
What is energy?
Energy can be defined as the ability to do work.
Take the case of an object or organism that does work (exerts
a force over a distance to move an object). Then the object or
organism uses energy.
Energy broadly means the capacity of something, a person, an
animal or a physical system to do work and produce change.
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Sources of Energy
These sources of energy are :
(i) Sun (ii) Wind (iii) Water (iv) Fuels (v) Nuclear
energy.
Out of these sources, the energy due to Sun and wind has not
been utilized on large scale due to a number of limitations.
At present, the other three sources viz., water, fuels and nuclear
energy are primarily used for the generation of electrical energy.
Hydroelectric
Solar Energy Wind Energy Fossils Fuel
Energy

Energy from Radioactive


Substances

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Sources of Energy
Conventional sources of Non conventional sources of
energy energy

Energy that has been Those energy sources which


used from ancient times are renewable and
is known as conventional ecologically safe.
energy. Coal, natural
gas, oil, and firewood are such as solar energy, wind
examples of energy, biomass energy,
conventional energy ocean energy (tidal energy,
sources. (or usual) wave energy, ocean thermal
sources of energy energy), geothermal energy,
(electricity) are coal, oil, nuclear energy etc.
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
wood, peat, uranium.
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Solar energy
Energy derived from the Sun.
Solar energy can be used in two ways
Solar heating
Solar electricity
Solar cells absorb light energy from the
Sun directly, change it into electrical
energy.
E.g.: Solar cells used in satellites,
calculators etc. Solar air heaters
Solar energy is used in:
Solar desalination systems
Solar cookers Solar batteries
Solar hot water systems
Solar dryers ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Solar energy
energy obtained from the sun in
the form of heat and light.
Energy derived in the form
ofsolar radiation.
The solar energy received by the
near earth space is approximately
1.4 KJ/s known as solar constant
The heat energy is used in solar
heating devices like solar cooker,
solar water heater, solar furnaces
etc.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Wind Energy
Wind moving air that contains kinetic
energy.
Windmills for pumping water
/grinding grains.
wind energy into chemical energy
Wind turbine uses energy from the
wind to generate electricity.
Wind has kinetic energy that is used to
rotate windmills for the purpose of

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Hydroelectric Energy
Hydroelectricity electricity generated using water
Hydroelectric power generated by forcing moving water to
produce electricity.
Water flowing from a dam has potential energy.
This energy can be used to rotate turbines and dynamos to
generate electric energy at a hydroelectric power station.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Fossil fuel
Combustible materials they burns easily to release heat and light
energy.
Supply almost 90% of fuel energy today most widely used fuel.
Examples of fossil fuels:
Oils (petroleum / crude oil)
Natural gas
Coal
Most fossil fuels used in power stations to generate electricity.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Energy from radioactive substance
Energy from radioactive substances can be used to generate
electric energy for
Ships
Submarines
Satellites
Meteorological stations
Lighthouses
Radioactive wastes are dangerous because they give out
radioactive radiation that is hazardous.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Energy from radioactive substance
Energy from radioactive substances can be used to generate
electric energy for
Ships
Submarines
Satellites
Meteorological stations
Lighthouses
Radioactive wastes are dangerous because they give out
radioactive radiation that is hazardous.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Hydro power plants :-
In hydro power plants water from
rivers are stored by constructing
dams.
Micro hydro systems are hydroelectric
power installations that typically
produce up to 100kW of power.
They are often used in water rich
areas as aremote-area power supply
(RAPS).
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
systems derivekinetic energy from
rivers and oceans without using a
dam.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Solar Cooker
The box type solar cooker has an
insulated box painted black
inside.
It is covered by a glass plate
which allows heat to enter inside
but does not allow heat to escape
out.
It has a mirror to reflect more
sunlight into the box.
The food to be cooked is kept in
containers inside the box
It can produce a temperature of
100 to 140.
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Solar Water Heater
A solar water heater has an
insulated box painted black inside
with a system of copper tubes.

It is covered with a glass plate


which allows heat to enter inside
but does not allow heat to escape
out.

When water flows through the


copper tube it absorbs heat and
becomes hot.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Solar Cell
Device which converts solar
energy into electrical energy.
Solar cells are made from semi
conductors like silicon,
germanium, gallium etc.
A single solar cell produces a
voltage of about 0.5 to 1 V
and produces about 0.7 W
electricity.
several solar cells are
arranged in a solar panel to
produce more electricity
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Energy in a Green Economy
Sustainable energy will surely be a major constraint in building a
green society and green economy
What is sure about todays energy sector is that it is not
sustainable. We have built a society and an economy which is
sustained by cheap and ecologically harmful energy

The Building sector is the largest


energy consumer, globally.
International Energy Agency, UNDP

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Architects Role
Building designers have much more direct control over the total amount
of energy embodied in a building, through the selection of materials, than
they have over the amount of energy consumed annually in use, which is
greatly affected by the way the occupants use the building.
Considerations to be given in
Lighting,
Air circulation
Comfort cooling / heating
Cooking
Utilities

ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Lighting
Use daylight to the maximum extent possible
Provision of ample, and strategic positioning, of windows
Nalukettu or Nadumuttam configuration
Northlights or equivalent solar inlets
Solar chutes using reflecting conduits or fibre glass

Comfort cooling
Providing verandahs and / or eve extensions, sunshades to
protect walls from direct sunlight
Tiling and / painting of roofs
Provision of solar panels on roof top
Provision of water ponds in the premises and basement
ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Air circulation
Understanding the wind direction over seasons
Strategic positioning of doors and windows
Air holes and Ventilators
Air circulating ducts, with inlets

Energy for Cooking


Provision of Biogas plants for waste treatment as well as
supplying cooking energy
Smokeless chulha for better efficiency and hygiene, while burning
wood
Solar cookers
ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Utilities Design Consideratio
Electricity: Solar panels, Building orientation and
Solar devices for planning: minimizing need for
Reading Lamps, artificial interior lighting and
Emergency lamps, Solar
cooling
powered UPS, Solar
powered Inverters, Roof design for providing solar
Peak load minimizers, panels: Flat or South facing
etc. slopes, free from shades
Water: Rain water Care in use of glass for faade
harvesting, ground
Material for walls, floors:
water recharging, waste
water recycling minimizing need for periodic
maintenance and renewal
ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Sustainability and Energy Efficiency
The concept of sustainable energy encompasses the generation and
efficient use of energy in a way that allows us to meet present
needs without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
PROXIMITY- Location based on typology of building. Taking the case
of a residential building, the it must be close to shops, schools,
workplaces, and transport nodes
ENERGY PERFORMANCE- Reduce CO2 emissions without
compromising thermal comfort & HVAC
RENEWABLE MATERIALS
INDOOR AIR QUALITY- Through avoidance of the use of products and
materials that may adversely affect indoor air quality or comfort;
WASTE GENERATION- Minimise waste production during the
construction & provision for recycling ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Sustainability and Energy Efficiency
DESIGN FOR FLEXIBILITY- To facilitate future adaptation to the
changing needs of the occupants and the maximisation of the
buildings lifespan;
LOCAL MATERIALS- Greater use of materials from local,
sustainable sources, where available.
Society Environment

Economy

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
THE THREE SPHERES OF SUSTAINABILITY

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Sustainability
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
(Source :theBrundtland Commissionof theUnited Nations)
A condition of balance, resilience, and interconnectedness that
allows human society to satisfy its needs while neither exceeding
the capacity of its supporting ecosystems to continue to regenerate
the services necessary to meet those needs nor by our actions
diminishing biological diversity
(Source : John Morelli, Environmental Sustainability: A Definition for
Environmental Professionals)

ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Integrate the
principles of
HOW ? sustainable Reduce
development into biodiversity loss,
country policies achieving, by
and programmes 2010, a significant
and reverse the reduction in the
loss of rate of loss
environmental
resources

Halve, by 2015, the


Achieve, by 2020,
proportion of the
a significant
population without
improvement in
sustainable access
the lives of at
to safe drinking
least 100 million
water and basic
slum dwellers
sanitation

ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY AND SITE PLANNIN


Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology, Calicut

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