TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

3D MACHINE VISION SYSTEM AS SHOP FLOOR METROLOGY TOOL

PRESENTED BY:
KARTHIK H K
4PS08ME031
Under the guidance of
MOHAMMED RAFI.H.KERUR
 INTRODUCTION

Modern day durable goods manufacturing have

begun to embrace the concepts of digitization as
a means to improve productivity and quality.
This is the area where machine vision based
tools start to excel.
Machine vision in general has been used for
everything from guiding the insertion of
electronic chips on circuit boards to inspecting
bottles at several per second in bottling lines.
 WHAT IS MACHINE VISION?
A machine vision system consists of computer hardware and software
working together with cameras and lighting to capture images of objects for
the purpose of making a quality control decision.

When the image is captured and stored in memory, it is algorithmically

compared to a predefined image or quality standard in an effort to detect
defects or anomalies.

Using machine vision technology for purposes of inspection and quality

control enables manufacturing companies to prevent defective products from
being shipped to customers and to improve their manufacturing processes
and reduce costs.

Machine vision systems at that time were complex in programming and

maintaining, difficult to install, limited in performance and not cost-effective.
WHAT IS MACHINE VISION? Contd..
Vision based smart camera solutions are primarily targeted at
providing manufacturers with 100% inspection in high speed,
discrete part manufacturing applications.

This typically replaces older off-line random sampling

techniques or human vision inspection techniques as a means
of monitoring quality.

Therefore, our IMPACT machine vision based smart cameras

are a key technology in enabling manufacturers to achieve
zero defect production.
Image Acquisitions MACHINE VISION STAGES
(by cameras,
scanners etc)
Analog to digital conversion.

Image Processing
Image Restoration
Image Enhancement
Remove noise/patterns, improve contrast.

Image segmentation
Find Regions (objects) in the image.

Image Analysis
(Binary Image Take measurements of object/relationship.
Processing)

Modern Matching
Pattern Recognition Match the above description with similar
description of known objects.
 DISCUSSION OF TECHNOLOGIES

There are currently three basic approaches to three-

dimensional machine vision:

Range finding including structured lighting

Stereo or binocular vision

Gray scale or range finding methods

 1.Range finding including structured lighting
Triangulation Method

Figure 1. A triangulation based system using a point of light to

obtain distance.
The effects that may be seen from a laser beam reflecting off a
rough surface
include:
Directional reflection due to surface ridge
Expansion of the incident laser spot due to micro surface
A synchronized scanning system, limited the
range of view
Active triangulation system, seeking laser
point, providing extended range.
 2D V/S 3D MACHINE VISION

2D Machine Vision

2D vision systems use area scan or line scan cameras and

appropriate lighting to measure the visible characteristics of
an object such as:
quality of surface appearance
edge based measurements
presence and location of features

2D Applications include:
food sorting of color, shape, and size
automotive parts needing location and presence
 3D Machine Vision

3D vision systems use a specialized high speed camera and a

projected laser line to measure the physical deviations of an
objects surface such as:
Volume
Flatness or shape
Density

3D Applications include:
Volume, size and shape measurements of baked goods or
produce
Completeness of molded parts
Flatness of stamped washers
APPLICATIONS
 Adhesive Bead Inspection

High resolution, continuous inspection of height, width and volume of

adhesive beads.
Control of shape and position of glue bead on the carrier part
Delivers robust, process-sure, reproducible measured data
independent of ambient light effects and of exact positioning of carrier
part
Color/glance of adhesive or carrier surface has no influence on the
measurement
 Weld Seam Inspection

3D high resolution, continuous inspection of height, width and position

of weld seams
Control of shape and position of seam
Delivers robust, process-sure, reproducible measured data
independent of ambient light effects and of exact positioning of seam
Color/glance of seam has no influence on the measurement
Can be combined with an IR inspection system for extensive detection
of faulty areas
 Component Inspection

3D machine vision cameras for automatic quality control during the

assembly steps in the production line.
 Surface Inspection

3D Inspection of wood surfaces Character recognition on

railway rails
Wood knot detection
Inspection of wood geometry
Texture control
 Tire and Rubber Inspection Using 3D Machine Vision

Industrial 3D machine vision on "difficult" materials such as tires and

rubber.

Simultaneous acquisition of intensity and height data

Uniform illumination of the measurement surface
Structures and patterns are clearly recognizable
These multi-camera vision systems are able to be customized and
feature Vision Gauge On Line machine vision software which includes
many tools to produce an inspection program that yields reliable
results:
 Object Counting and Sizing / Blob Analysis
Part Identification
Defect / Flaw Detection
Presence / Absence Detection
Image Processing and Analysis
Automated Measurements
Optical Character Recognition and Verification
Pattern Matching and Part Location
Alignment and Registration
Color Verification
 CONCLUSION

As with any technology of this nature, the performance

changes with the component technology.

The primary advance that has made machine vision systems

feasible for shop floor gauging applications has been the
speed up in computing power.

The other technologies that are influencing performance

today include lower cost, digital cameras than provide better
light range and pixel resolution with lower noise, and better
light sources such as higher power laser diodes well as high
 REFERENCES
www.controleng.com/.../3d-machine-vision...quality-control/769033

http://www.aqsense.com/

http://www.designnews.com/document.asp?
doc_id=237971&dfpPParams=ind_184,aid_237971&dfpLayout=article

http://www.visiononline.org/vision-resources-details.cfm/vision-

L. Bieman, "Three-Dimensional Machine Vision," Photonics Spectra, May 1988, pg. 81.

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=_z30Y6cEDoEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=three+dimensi
onal+machine+vision&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mMamT9b3CciqrAfNosD9AQ&ved=0CFEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&
=three%20dimensional%20machine%20vision&f=false

"Light Source Design for Machine Vision", Eric J. Sieczka and Kevin G. Harding, SPIE Proceedings
Vol. 1614, Optics, Illumination and Image Sensing for Machine Vision VI, Boston, Nov. 1991.
<
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=z_lRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2&dq=light+source+design+for+m
achine+vision&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YcemT-CdDNCJrAfluozVAQ&ved=0CFEQ6AEwAA
THANK YOU