RESERVOIR SIMULATION

Introduction
MUHAMMAD SALMAN QAMAR
DAWOOD UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY

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Reservoir Engineers work is based on

UNDERSTANDING THE PAST

HANDLING THE PRESENT

PREDICTING THE FUTURE.

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Understanding the Past

Structure of Reservoir
Stratigraphy of Reservoir

Petrophysical Properties

Initial Fluid Contacts

Fluid Properties
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Understanding the Past

Well Location
Production History

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Handling the Present

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Predicting the Future

Case 2 Case 3

Case 1

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Therefore;
Reservoir Engineer requires a reliable tool that
reliably replicates the actual reservoir geological
aspects (containing reservoir geology, rock and
fluid properties, initial fluid contacts etc.), fluid
dynamics (the production history) and able to
predict the future performance of the reservoir.

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Reservoir Simulation
Reservoir Simulator combines physics, mathematics, reservoir
engineering and computer programming to develop a tool for predicting
hydrocarbon reservoir performance under various operating conditions
Simulation of petroleum reservoir performance refers to the construction
and operation of a model whose behavior assumes the appearance of
actual reservoir behavior.
The purpose of simulation is estimation of field performance (e.g., oil
recovery) under one or more producing schemes. Whereas the field can
be produced only once, at considerable expense, a model can be
produced or run many times at low expense over a short period of time.
Observation of model results that represent different producing conditions
aids selection of an optimal set of producing conditions for the reservoir.
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Objectives of the Course
Learn to develop a reservoir model to simulate
the dynamic behavior of a reservoir in order to
Estimate system parameters (by incorporating
past production history)
Forecast different development scenarios
Learn more about specific phenomena related
to reservoir dynamics

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Duties of Reservoir Engineer
oEstimating reserves and forecasting for property evaluations and development planning.
oCarrying out reservoir simulation studies to optimize recoveries.
oPredicting reserves and performance for well proposals.
oPredicting and evaluating waterflood and enhanced recovery performance.
oDeveloping and applying reservoir optimization techniques.
oDeveloping cost-effective reservoir monitoring and surveillance programs.
oPerforming reservoir characterization studies.
oAnalyzing pressure transients.
oDesigning and coordinating petrophysical studies.
oAnalyzing the economics and risk assessments of major development programs.
oEstimating reserves for producing properties.

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Role of Reservoir Simulation in Field
Development Studies

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Petroleum System

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The importance of the knowledge about
subsurface

To achieve such knowledge

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we can use geophysical
? methods ?

For several engineering purposes it is of paramount

importance to retrieve information about subsurface
properties and geometry. This information allows the
evolution of the earth system to be understood,
interventions to be designed, and their effects to be
modelled. 13
Lets come back to our landslide

650 fa
625 n
600

575 ?
550

525
? ?
500

475
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
bedrock
sediment
s
Through seismic measurements it is possible to describe the
geology of the site and to estimate the input parameters for
slope stability modelling. 14
Structures Traps

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Stratigraphic traps
Structural and Stratigraphic traps

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Hydrocarbon Indicator

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Inplace and Reserve Estimation

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Production Profile of Exploration Prospects

Case 2 Case 3

Case 1

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Exploration Well

Data Collection from Exploration Well

1. Detail Minerology
2. Well Logs (Gamma Ray & SP Logs )
Resistivity Log (Fluid Contacts)
Neutron Porosity, Sonic Logs (Porosity
Calculation)
Neutron Density Log (Gas, Oil and Water
Zones)
3. Cores Analysis
SCAL- Porosity, Permeability, Saturation
RCAL- Relative Permeability, Wettability,
Capillary Pressure Curves
4. Modular Dynamic Tester: (Formation Fluid Pressure,
Fluid Contacts, Reservoir Permeability)
5. Drilling Stem Test (DST): Reservoir Permeability

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 Reservoir Simulation Approaches

1. Need for Reservoir Simulation

Requirement for petroleum engineers to obtain accurate performance predictions for a hydrocarbon reservoir
under different operating condition.
Hydrocarbon-recovery project involves a capital investment of hundred of millions of dollars.
Risk Associated with the selected development plan must be assessed and minimized
Risk included:
1. Complexity of the reservoir because of heterogeneous and anisotropic rock properties
2. Regional Variation of fluid Properties and relative permeability characteristics
3. Complexity of the hydrocarbon-recovery mechanisms

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Traditional Modeling Approaches
1. Analogical Methods: Use properties of mature reservoirs that are either
geographically or petrophysically similar to the target reservoir to attempt to predict
reservoir performance of a target zone or reservoir.
2. Experimental Methods: Measure physical properties (such as rates, pressures, or
saturation) in laboratory models and scale these results to the entire hydrocarbon
accumulation.
3. Mathematical Methods: Use mathematical laws and equations to predict reservoir
performance

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