OUTLINES

Introduction to Company profile.

BSNL services in India.

Basic of telecommunication system.

Conclusion

References
 BSNL PROFILE
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Patna, Bihar is a north bihar exchange of BSNL.

BSNL is an Indian state owned telecommunication company their

headquartered is situated in New Delhi, with wide range for providing of
telecom services and network management from the central government
Department of Telecom services and Telecom Operations.
Now BSNL provide telecom network in villages with ICT applications and
winning the customers confidence.
BSNL also provide telecom network in inaccessible areas of Siachen glaciers
or North Eastern region of our country.
BSNL
PROFILE..

The company serves its customer with a wide range of telecom

services like wireline, CDMA mobile, internet, broadband, MPLS-VPN.
It creates a customer focused organization such as customer care,
sales& marketing.
The company set up a multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP
infrastructure that provide voice, video etc through broadband
access network.
BSNL SERVICES
SERVICES FOR CITIZENS
Now the BSNL is a leading wireless carrier company it delivered a
high quality over mobile phones.
They also gives a good number of base station in country.
They gives a terrific mobile network services across the country.
National and International roaming is free now
Call forwarding and Call conferencing is at very economical charges.
The BSNL GM of Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga district of Bihar
announced that BSNL gives WIMAX means wireless broadband
services to those customer who want to get broadband connection
even without having a BSNL landline telephone.
UTILITY SERVICES
In this services BSNL gives VAS services such that the customer can
do voice chat.
Call holding and call waiting facility free, Voice mail recording &
receiving facility free.
USED IN ELCTRONICS FIELD

It gives an overview of Exchange.

It gives an overview of C-DOT.
It gives an overview of PCM.
It gives an overview of Optical Fibre Communication.
It gives an overview of GSM.
It gives an overview of GPRS.
It gives an overview of BROAD BAND.
It gives an overview of network structure.
It gives an overview of CDMA.
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
Equipment which effects
interconnection of telephone is
known as switching equipments.
The place where the termination as
well as the switching equipments
have been installed is known as
Telephone Exchange.
A telephone exchange is a
telecommunication system used in
the public switched telephone
network or in large enterprises.
An exchange consists of electronic
components that that interconnect
(switch) telephone subscriber lines or
virtual circuits of digital system to
establish telephone calls between
subscribers.
ABOUT THE EXCHANGE
All telephone subscribers are served by automatic
exchanges.
Todays automatic exchanges use a pair of computers.
One running the program that provides services.
Second, monitoring the operation of the first, ready to
take over in a few seconds in the event of equipment
failure.

Various exchanges present in BSNL are:-

1. C-DOT
2. EWSD
 C-DOT(Centre for Development of
Telematics
It is develop by indian scientist Mr.Sam Patorda.

Different types of C-DOT are:-

1. C-DOT 128P.
2. C-DOT 256P.
3. C-DOT 512P.
4. C-DOT SBM(Single base module).
5. C-DOT MBM(Multi base module).
 EWSD(Electronic WorldWide Switch Digital
The EWSD Digital Switching system offer a wide range
of telephony features and supplementary services.
GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)
It is a packet oriented mobile data service on 2G and 3G
cellular communication systems.
GPRS extends the GSM circuit switched data capabilities
and makes the following services possible:-
1.sms messaging and broadcasting.
2.Always on internet access.
3. Multimedia messaging services(MMS).
4. Push to Talk over cellular(POC).
In 2G systems, GPRS provides data rates of 144 kbps.
In 3G systems, GPRS provides data rates of ( 384-444
kbps).
BROADBAND
It refers to a connection that has a capacity to transmit
large amount of data at high speed.
From 2004, data speed of broadband is 256 kbps.
From 2009, data spped of broadband is 2 mbps.

Requirements for providing Broad Band connection:-

1. Personal computer.
2. ADSL nodem.
3. Land Line connection.
4. splitters for seperating telephone from personal
computer.
5. High speed internet access: This is the always on
Internet access service with speed ranging from 256 kbps
to 8 mbps. .
CDMA(Code division Multiple Access)
All the information of the user/customer are on the
same frequency.
Each information is seperated by a digital code.
Digital code seperates one information to another to
avoid interference.

FEATURES:-
Quality of the speech is extremely good.
CDMA provide soft hand off feature for the mobile
crossing from one BTS.
To another cell by combining the signal from the both
the cells. Its improve the performance of the network
and the call cutting problem goes over.
GSM(Global System for Mobile
Communication)
GSM is a form of multiplexing, which divides the available
bandwidth among the different channels. Most of the
times the multiplexing used is either TDM(Time Division
Multiplexing)or FDM(Frequency Division Multiplexing).
GSM considering as a second generation(2G) of mobile
phone system.
GSM FREQUENCIES:-
2G GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands.
GSM-900 uses 890915 MHz to send information from the mobile
station to the base station (uplink).
935960 MHz for the other direction (downlink).
providing 125 RF channels (channel numbers 0 to 124) spaced at 200
kHz. Duplex spacing of 45 MHz is used.
PCM(Pulse Code Modulation)
PCM is a processing for analog to digital.
It transmit analog data. The signals in PCM are binary;
that, is only two possible states, represented by logic
1(high) and logic 0(low).
Using PCM, it is possible to digitize all forms of analog
data, including full-motion video, voices, music.
PCM STANDARDS

(American) European(Indian)
1PCM=24 channels 1PCM=30
channels(voice)
1 PCM=32
channels(Siganally)
 32 channels =32 time/slots.
TS0 = Synchronizing.
TS1-TS15 = voice channel.
TS16 = siganally.
TS17-TS31 = voice channel.
OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION
Information
convert
sender converter Receiver
er
Transmitter a b Channel b a
Encoder Decoder

fig:-Block diagram of OFC

Optical fibre in light energy then the information send
&transfer to another.
Electrical LED Light Photodiode Data electrical
LASER PVC
Sound Electrical LED Light photodiode Data
voice
Mike Laser PVC speaker
sound
 BENEFITS:-
More Speed.
Data Lost.
Low Maintenance.
Low Wear &Tear.
More Secure.
Small Size Width.
High Bndwidth.
NETWORK STRUCTURE
MOBILE STATION(MS)
MS refers to the physical phone
itself uniquely identified by the
international mobile equipment
identity(IMEI)number.
SIM(Subscriber Identification
Module) is small smart card that
is inserted into the phone and
carries information specific to
the subscriber identified by
International mobile subscriber
identity(IMSI) number.
BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION(BTS)
It transmit the signal from top
end and receive from down
end from the side of the
antenna.
It carry out radio
communication between the
network and the MS.
It has handless speech
encoding, multiplexing(TDMA),
and responsible for
modulation and demodulaton.
BASE STATION CONTROLLER(BSC)
It is responsible for
allocation of radio
channels.
Operates frequency
administration.
Power and signal
measurements from the
mobile station.
Handover from one BTS to
another.
MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE(MSC)
It is responsible for call
routing, call setup,and basic
switching functions.
Different BSCs are
connected to the MSC.
Inner BSC handsoff as well
as coordinates with other
MSCs for inter-MSC
handoffs.
DATABASES
HLR(Home Location
Register) is the database
unit of
customer/subscriber.it goes
out of order no one can talk
with each other.
VLR(Visitor Location
Register) works as a
private secaratory of HLR.
It works when our mobile is
in roaming condition.
CONCLUSIONS:
During the training period in BSNL , First time I see how data
communication network are configured .

During this period I have covered so many parts of data exchange but
today I explain so many topics related communication.

I can see how the call is setup for one network to another network.
REFERENCES
http://www.bsnl.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki.IP_address.

From notesbook.
THANK YOU