Acoustic

Holography
S11, SE-C
MITCOE
Subject: Soft Skills

Roll nos.:
1) 3155188
2) 3155189
3) 3155191
4) 3155198
5) 3155207
 What is holography?
Holography is "lens less photography"
in which an image is captured not as
an image focused on film, but as an
interference pattern at the film.
the image will change its appearance
if you look at it from a different angle,
just as if you were looking at a real
3D object.
 What is Acoustical
Holography?
The recording of sound waves in a two-
dimensional pattern (thehologram) and the use
of thehologramto reconstruct the entire sound
field throughout a three-dimensional region of
space. Acoustical holography is an outgrowth of
optical holography, invented by Dennis Gabor in
1948. The wave nature of bothlight and
soundmake holography possible. Acoustical
holography involves reconstruction of the sound
field that arises due to radiation of sound at a
boundary, such as the vibrating body of a violin,
thefuselageof an aircraft, or the surface of a
submarine. Both acoustical holography and
optical holography rely on the acquisition of an
interferogram, a two-dimensional recording at a
 Principle
The guiding principle of acoustic holography consists of
measurements of pressures phased acoustics on a regular
level of collecting close to the sound-effects man. Since one
cannot to acquire all the microphones simultaneously, it is
necessary to use fixed references of phase on the body or
close to the sound-effects man. It can be a question of:
acoustic references, vibratory references, references
kinematics, any other dynamic signal characteristic of the
operation of the sound-effects man. The acoustic plan of
collecting is located in the field close to the sound-effects
man closest to radiant zones, thus all the components of the
sound field are measured in one limited frequential field
depend on the physical characteristics of the sensors used.
 Implementation
The sampling step of the microphones of the
plan of collecting defines the high limit frequency
of use of the sensors:Fmax<=C0/2Delta
For example, for a spacing enters the
microphones of 2.5 cm, the maximum frequency
analysis will be 6800 Hz. Theoretically there is no
limit low frequency of use sensors, however, for
certain frequencies, levels acoustic on the images
resultants will be constant.
Edges
To avoid edge effects, it is necessary to correct
these harmful effects by post treatments. These
treatments can be:extrapolation,image
source,zero-padding,association of various unit
Applications
1. The surface of piezoelectric transducers vibrates
in a nonuniform way either because of
manufacturing defects inherent or because of
surface waves generated by each interface. The
knowledge of the space distribution of the speed
is essential if one wants to calculate in a precise
way the field radiated by the transducer.
2. The objective of this work is to answer measure
the pressure on the surface of the transducers
when they are plunged in a liquid. In the thesis,
the applications of the ultrasounds will be
presented successively, principal technologies of
transducers used to generate these waves and
finally the various imaging techniques, optics
and acoustics developed to measure the surface
3. This technique makes it possible to highlight
disturbing modes of vibrations such as the
surface waves. The laser vibrometry cannot be
employed when measurements are taken in a
liquid medium because of the acousto-optics
interaction. A theoretical study gives the
importance of this interaction which can be
precisely given for the particular case of a plane
wave.
4. Acoustic holography may be used to visualize the
location on thedisc brakeassembly where brake
squeal isgenerated.