Professional Documents
Culture Documents
composites
Progressive failure is needed to
predict ultimate failure
We will limit
ourselves to
first ply failure
Maximum strain or maximum stress
failure in plane loads
Given
stress resultants , find
laminate strains x
N
o
x x
y
1 *1
y
o
A N y A
xy
o
xy N xy
21 E1
Q12 , Q66 G 0 0 2.3
1 12 21
Us in GPa
Laminate strains x
15.03
Also 0-ply strains 0 A*1 0.5 x 23.29 x
0 0
Since
2.18
x max 0.0936GPa 93.6 MPa.
23.29
45-deg ply
To
transform to 45-deg, we multiply
laminate strains
m n by
2
mn 2
1 1 1
n2 m2 mn 0.5 1 1 1
2mn 2mn m 2 n 2 2 2 0
Get
Since the critical constraint is again
transverse tension that gives
2.18
x max 0.1138GPa 113.8MPa.
19.16
Other load combinations
Textbook
calculates failure limit for
any ratio of and
Where is our point?
Laminate failure envelope
Combining the two envelopes
E 0.012, Y E 0.053
t
1 1 c 1
c
1
t 2 2 c 2 2
X t 1t E1 1.4, X c 1c E1 0.235
Ratios: 1
Xt
0.0669,
1
Xc
0.398, 2 0.199
Xc Yt 2t E2 0.012, Yc 2c E2 0.053
2 2
3.88, 0.879,
Yt Yc S 12s G12 0.034