MEASUREMENT

IMPORTANTS IN
MEASUREMENT
Three terms that is
always used:
CONSISTENCY
:
SENSITIVITY:
ACCURACY: The ability of
The ability of
an instrument
The ability of an instrument
to measure
an instrument to detect a
consistently
to measure small change
with little or
nearest to the in the
no relative
actual value quantity
deviation
measured
among
Consistent
Consistent
but not
and accurate
accurate

Not
Not Consistent
consistent
consistent but not
and not
but accurate accurate
 ERRORS IN
MEASURESEMENT

All measurements are values of

approximation only.
how close the measurement is
to the actual value.
because error exist in all
measurements
 ERRORS

SYSTEMA
RANDOM
TIC
ERRORS
ERRORS

Zero
Parallax
errors
 Occurs effects of surrounding conditions
due to a weakness of the instrument

Sources is when the pointer is not at zero

when not in use
zero the instrument gives a non- zero
reading when in fact the actual
errors reading is zero

errors can improving the procedure of taking the

measurements
be using a different instrument
getting somebody else to make the
eliminated measurements
Due to: Parallax Error can be
The errors: eliminated:
carelessness the position of eye must be
of the the eye is not perpendicular
observer perpendicular to the plane of
when making to the scale of the scale
a the
measurement instrument.
 Three types of measuring instrument that are
always used in laboratory

Instrument
Sensitivity in cm Sensitivity in mm
measurement

Metre ruler (Pembaris

0.1 1
meter)

Vernier callipers
0.01 0.1
(Angkup Vernier)

Micrometre screw gauge

0.001 0.01
(Tolok skru mikrometer)
METRE
RULER

Small scale is 1
mm or 0.1 cm.
your eyes should
be perpendiculars
to the metre ruler.
 VERNIER
CALLIPERS

Main scale is 0.1

cm or 0.01 mm
vernier scale is
0.01 cm or 0.001
mm
reading shown:
Main Scale +
Vernier Scale
 inside jaws

cm Vernier
0 1
scale 2 3 4 MainUTAMA
scale
SKALA

0 5
10
outside jaws
NO ZERO ERROR
 PO E S
SIT T IV
ER IV G A R
RO ES E O
R N ERR

0 1 cm

0 1 cm

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Zero error =

Zero error : + Zero error : - 0.06

Zero error =

0.03 cm cm
 Zero error : +0.02cm
Reading shown : 2.08cm
Absolute reading = 2.08 0.02cm
= 2.06cm
 MICROMETER SCREW
GAUGE

Main scale is 0.01

cm or 0.1 mm
vernier scale is
0.001 cm or 0.01
mm
reading shown:
Main Scale +
Vernier Scale
NO ZERO
ERROR
POSITIVES
ERROR

Zero error : +
0.004 cm
 NEGATIVES
ERROR

Zero error : - 0.003

cm
 Zero error : - 0.03 mm
Reading shown : 6.66 mm
Absolute reading = 6.66
(-0.03)
= 6.69 mm