THERMOPLASTICS

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HIMANSHU
JYOTI
KAJAL
KULBIR
NIKHIL
PRACHI
VAGISHA
 PLASTIC
All plastics are polymers of carbon compounds. They are compounds of carbon
with other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.
Composition- Organic polymer + carbon + oxygen + Nitrogen + Sulphur

(chalk, starch, ivory dust, wood floor, zinc oxide)

PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS

Appearance- It can be made in attractive colours.

Chemical Resistance- It has good resistance against almost all chemicals.
Durability- Many plastics are quite durable if protected.
Electric Insulation- They are good insulators and hence extensively used for
plugs, switches etc.
Finishing- It can take good finishes.
Light in weight Because of their molecular structure, plastics are light.
Maintenance- They are easy to maintain.
Thermal Conductivity- It is very low like wood.
Thermal Stability- It is stable under low temperature.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PLASTICS

Behaviour with Physical and

Mechanical Structure
respect to heating
Properties

Thermo
Thermo Setting Heterogeneo
Homogeneous
Plastic us

Semi
Rigid Soft Elastomers
Rigid
 History of THERMOPLASTICS

The first man-made plastic was created by Alexander Parks who

publicly demonstrated it at the 1862 Great International Exhibition
in London.

The material called Parkesine was an organic material derived

from cellulose that once heated could be molded, and retained
its shape when cooled.

Parkesine Materials (First Plastic)

Objects made from

Parkesine, c 1860. Two hair slides
 THERMOPLASTIC
THERMOPLASTIC is a polymer that turns to a liquid when heated
and freezes to a very glassy state when cooled sufficiently.
Thermoplastics can be heated and reshaped because of the ways in
which the molecules are joined together.
Thermoplastics in combination with glass, carbon and synthetic
fibers.

Heat

Harden Soften

Cool
 THERMOPLASTIC
THERMOPLASTIC

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE THERMOPLATIC
AMORPHOUS THERMOPLATIC

These are most of your traditional plastics

These are most of your clear plastics.
when you think of plastic parts.
Common Materials Common Materials
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polyethylene
Acrylics Polypropylene
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polystyrene (PS)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Advantages Advantages
they are easy to thermoform excellent for bearing
they soften over a range of temperatures wear and structural applications
they bond well using adhesives

compared to semi-crystalline thermoplastics compared to amorphous thermoplastic

amorphous plastics tend to have better dimensional better chemical resistance
stability difficult to thermoform
impact resistance difficult to bond
average impact resistance.
AMORPHOUS THERMOPLATIC
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is a common thermoplastic polymer. Its
glass transition temperature is approximately 105 C. ABS is amorphous and
therefore has no true melting point.

Strengths
Good impact resistance
Easily formable
Many different formulations
Limitations
Will discolor with high UV exposure
Attacked by organic solvents
absorbs moisture
Applications
Aircraft interiors
Computer housings
Mass transit components
Wall coverings
Consumer electronics
Appliances
Automotive
Acrylics

Poly(methyl methacrylate), also known as acrylic or acrylic glass. is

a transparent thermoplastic often used in sheet form as a lightweight

Strengths
Availability of all ranges of optical transparency, including opacity
Rigidity
Surface hardness
Half the weight of glass
Heat resistance
Limitations
Discolor with high UV exposure
Attacked by organic solvents
Limited chemical resistance
Low impact strength
Applications
Protective glazing
Windows
Toys
Point of purchase (POP) displays
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
PVC is a thermoplastic made of 57% chlorine (derived from industrial grade salt) and 43%
carbon PVC comes in two basic forms: rigid and flexible. The rigid form of PVC is used
in construction for pipe and flexible form is used in plumbing, electrical cable insulation.
Strengths
Low cost
Good chemical resistance
Versatile
Naturally UV resistant
Good strength

Limitations
Heat sensitive
Low impact strength
Poor wear resistance
Pvc door
Applications Pvc sheet
Pipe, valves and fittings
Thermoformed parts for transportation, exhibits and machinery
parts
Point of purchase displays
Pollution control equipment parts
Pvc pipe
Polystyrene (PS)
Polystyrene materials are available with a wide range of properties. They have low
specific gravity, good dimensional stability and outstanding electricals. Addition of
glass increases polystyrenes strength, rigidity, dimensional stability and impact
resistance.

Strengths
Inexpensive
Easy to bond
Easy to decorate
Limitations
Low impact resistance
Brittle after UV exposure Disposable Food Bowls
and Litter Trays
Mechanical stress
Applications
Disposable beverage glasses
Medical devices
Disposable laboratory products
Wood replacement products
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polycarbonates are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate
groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are
strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent.

One of the biggest advantages of polycarbonate is its impact strength.

polycarbonates received their name because they
are polymers containing carbonate group (O(C=O)O)

Properties
excellent physical properties
excellent toughness
very good heat resistance
fair chemical resistance
transparent
moderate to high price
fair processing twin wall polycarbonate sheet

polycarbonate sheet
SEMI-CRYSTALINE THRMOPLASTIC

Polyethylene's (PE)
Polyethylene 0r polyethene is the most common plastic. Its primary use is in
packaging (plastic bags, plastic films,containers including bottles, etc.).

Characteristics

Excellent chemical resistance

Zero moisture absorption

Light weight (1/8 weight of steel)

Excellent insulator

High impact strength

Applications

Packaging
Wire and cable
Polyethylene PE Foam for
Industrial Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic pipe Shockproof Insulation
Polypropylene
Polypropylene, also known as polypropene, is a
thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of
applications including packaging and labeling,

Characteristics
Excellent chemical resistance
Lower impact strength than polyethylene's Polypropylene tool case
Excellent fatigue strength

Applications

Packaging
Automotive
Consumer/durable goods
Vacuum formed parts
Fiber/carpet

Polypropylene woven bags

Polypropylene Blue Rope
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