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: To withstand abrasions
The mouth is lined with stratified squamous
epithelium
The gums, hard palate, and dorsum of the
tongue are slightly keratinized
Oral fissure and lips
Oral fissure is the slit-like opening between the lips and
altered in shape by the movements of the muscles facial
expression associated with the lips and by movements of
the lower jaw
Lips are lined internally by oral mucosa and covered externally by skin.
Upper lip has a shallow vertical groove on its external surface (Philtrum)
Upper lip - V2, Lower lip V3
Philtrum Vermilion
2 2 1 2
2 1
Vestibule
Lies between the lips and the cheeks externally and the gums and the
teeth
.internally
Duct of the parotid salivary gland opens on a small papilla into the vestibule
. opposite the upper second molar tooth
Roof of oral cavity
formed by the hard palate in front and the soft palate
behind
formed by the anterior two thirds of the tongue and by the reflection of the
.mucous membrane from the sides of the tongue to the gum of the mandible
Subdivisions
V
Oral cavity [mouth cavity] divided into vestibule
& oral cavity proper
The
frenulum
uvula
Soft
palate
Anterior &
lateral teeth palatoglossal
& gums fold
palatine tonsil
Posterior
oropharyngeal
isthmus
Floor tongue,
Roof hard
mucous membrane,
& soft palate
mylohyoid &
geniohyoid muscles
Oral cavity proper Boundaries
Lips and Cheeks
Figure 24.7b
Sagittal Section
Soft
Hard palate palate
Palatoglossal
fold
Palatopharyngeal
fold
Floor occupied
by the tongue
Palatine tonsil
Tongue
Mainly composed of
striated muscles,
covered by mucous
membrane Base
Terminal
sulcus Oral part
anterior two thirds
Shows lingual papillae
Figure 24.8a
Posterior one third [Pharyngeal part] - Posterior to the sulcus
terminalis
fimbriated fold
Frenulum
Hyoglossus
[depression]
Genioglossus Geniohyoid
Movements of the Tongue
Branches dorsal
lingual, sublingual &
deep lingual
Posterior third
including the
vallate papillae
[General & special
sensory]
glossopharyngeal
Motor
Motor hypoglossal except palatoglossus [vagus through pharyngeal plexus]
Muscles are derived from the occipital myotomes
The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the tongue,
throat, & one of the salivary glands (the parotid
gland).
Paralysis
Normal
Damage to the hypoglossal nerve tongue
deviates to the paralyzed side; longstanding
paralysis wasting of the muscles
Apex submental
nodes
Greater palatine
canal Oral
cavity
HARD PALATE
Greater palatine
nerve & vessels
Mucous
glands Palatine
aponeurosis
Uvular
muscle
Soft palate mobile flap sloping
down & back from the hard palate
Posterior surface
Median conical
process - Uvula
Palatine aponeuorosis
musculus uvulae -
retracts the uvula [pulls
uvula to the same side]
Tensor veli
palatini Medial
pterygoid plate
Medial
pterygoid
muscle Palatopharygeus
Musculus uvulae
Pterygopalatine
ganglion
Greater
petrosal
Greater
palatine
Lesser
palatine Nasopalatine
Teeth and gingivae
The teeth are attached to sockets (alveoli) in two
elevated arches of bone on the mandible below
and the maxillae above (alveolar arches).
Pulp cavity
Cavity found in the interior of the crown and the center of root
and contains the dental pulp, a loose connective tissue richly
supplied with vessels and nerves, which enter the cavity through
the small aperture at the point of each root.
The lower teeth are all innervated by branches from the inferior alveolar
nerve, which originates in the infratemporal fossa from the mandibular
,
nerve [V3], enter the mandibular foramen through the bone in the
mandibular canal. Adjacent to the first premolar tooth, divides into
incisive and mental branches
the incisive branch
innervates the first premolar, the canine, and the incisor teeth
the mental nerve
exits the mandible through the mental foramen and innervates the chin and
. lower lip
Innervation of teeth
The posterior superior alveolar nerve
Originates from the maxillary nerve [V2] in the pterygopalatine fossa,
innervates the molar teeth .
Figure 24.9a
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