Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared by:
Ang Fong Ying
Shyreal Geoffrey
Vornica Ruby Ak Sila
B.F Skinner
Behaviour
Modification
Consist of restructuring
Skinners model of
the environment so that
shaping desired
undesired behaviour are
behaviour.
eliminated.
The practice of
providing consequences
Uses the principle of (reinforcement &
reinforcement. punishment) for both
positive and negative
behaviour.
Basic Principle of Behaviour
Modification
consequences (Woolfolk,
2010).
Reinforcement To maintain
or increase the occurrence
of a desired behaviour.
Types of
consequences
REINFORCEMENT PUNISHMENT
Student Student
Student pays
Teacher stops being studies
attention,
Praises naughty more
teacher does
him diligently
not scold him
Behaviour can be developed, maintained,
strengthen, or weakened by the
consequences that follow the behaviour.
Behaviou
Consequence Effect
r
Situation/ scenario:
Pupils in the class rarely use English
in ESL classroom. How would
Skinners model deal with this
situation?
How Skinners Model helps to deal
with the situation
E.g. Use motivational
Catch pupils that speak expression as well done,
English even a little. good, nice work, excellent,
Reward the pupils for etc.
speaking in English.
Main focus:
Clinical Communication
psychologist skills and conflict
resolution method
Belief self
Developed
discipline is
Thomas Gordon discipline as self
developed through
(1918 2002) discipline model
anatomy
Gordons View of Discipline
teachers
must give up
The only truly effective
their power
discipline is SELF-
authority.
CONTROL, developed
internally in each student. replace it
with
influence
Gordon (1981) states that authority.
before deciding on a
course of action in
response to the problem,
TEACHER MUST DECIDE
who owns the problem.
Gordons Behavior window
Acceptable
behavior
(Student owns the
problem)
Unacceptable
behavior
(Teacher owns the
problem)
Active listening
Encourage students state the problem fully
and work through it
Tells students how should they feel
Situation
Use Active
Listening
Teacher :
speaks with
the student
Natasha is not interested privately
in English subject. She listens to the
never pass up her student's
complete works to her reasons for her
English teacher. Instead of behaviour.
focusing in class, she
chooses to do her music
worksheet or drawing.
Unacceptable behavior
(Teacher owns the problem)
Use I-
message
Teacher:
States her
feeling about
student
behavior
When you talk
Doncaster does not to another
interested in English student during
class. Instead of focus in my lessons, it
makes me feel
class, he tends to play
as though you
and disturb his friends. do not care
His behavior makes the about hearing
class become chaos. what I have to
say.
Use conflict resolution skills
Generate
Define the Evaluate
possible
problem solutions
solutions
Implement Monitor
Choose a
the the
solution
solution solution
The strength and weaknesses of the
theories
Strength Weaknesses
Focuses on teaching Focuses mainly on
through character resolving conflict after it
training arises
Teaches
It helps
students
teachers
problem
communicate
solving
their needs to
techniques
students
If a students feel a personal connection to teacher,
experience frequent communication with a teacher
and receives more guidance, the students become
more trustful of that teacher, show engagement in
class and display better classroom behavior.
(Rimm-Kaufman, 2015)
References
Kanazawa, S. (2010, January 3). Common Misconceptions about Science VI:
"Negative Reinforcement". Retrieved from Psychology Today:
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-scientific-
fundamentalist/201001/common-misconceptions-about-science-vi-negative
Manzoor, F., Ahmed, M., & Gill, B. R. (2014, December). Use of motivational
expressions as positive reinforcement in learning English at primary level in
rural areas of Pakistan. British Journal of English Linguistics, 2(3), 30-42.
References