Serial Transmission in USB

BY- AKG6 AND DJ10

Universal Serial Bus

A representative peripheral interface

Universal Serial Bus (USB) provides a serial bus standard for
connecting devices, usually to a computer, but it also is in use on other
devices such as set-top boxes, game consoles and PDAs. (wikipedia.org)
About USB

USB, short form for Universal Serial Bus, was invented

by Ajay Bhatt and his team, which included engineers
from Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC and
Nortel in January of 1996. It is a type of asynchronous
serial data transmission method. USB has now,
become the standard method of transferring data
between a computer and a number of devices.
HARDWARE COMPONENT OF USB
HOW IS DATA SENT ACROSS THE USB
When the software requires data transfer to occur between itself and
the USB, it sends a block of data called an I/O Request Packet (IRP)
to the appropriate pipe, and the software is later notified when this
request is completed successfully or terminated by error. As
suggested by the name Universal Serial Bus, data transmission in
the bus occurs in a serial form. Bytes of data are broken up and sent
along the bus one bit at a time, with the least significant bit first.

Pipe- logic communication between client and software on the host

and the function on the device is done through pipes. Its an
association between a specific endpoint on the device and the
appropriate software in the host
Continued

The actual data is sent across the bus in packets. Each

packet is a bundle of data along with information
concerning the source, destination and length of the
data, and also error detection information. Each of
these packets should be the maximum possible size
except for the final packet. The USB host has a built in
mechanism so that the software can tell it when to
expect full sized packets.
Errors are detected by the use of CRCs(Cyclic
Redundancy Checks).
A little about transfer and transaction

The transfer is the process of making a communications request with an

endpoint.

Transfers determine aspects of the communications flow such as:

Data format imposed by the USB
Direction of communication flow
Packet size constraints
Bus access constraints
Latency constraints
Required data sequences
Error Handling

A transfer has one or more

transactions which then has one, two or three packets
ADVANTAGES OF USB

Before, USBs were invented, different devices had

different types of cables which werent
interchangeable, therefore making the transfer of data
a fuss. Normal computers had only 2 serial ports and 1
parallel port which was really slow. Therefore a device
like USB was required which was universal, multi
functional, hot- swappable and had fast data transfer
rate.
ADVANCEMENTS IN USB
TECHNOLOGY

Also referred to as SuperSpeed USB

Speeds 10x faster than 2.0 (5 Gbps in controlled test environment)
Transfer of 25 GB file in approx 70 seconds (see chart)

Backward compatible with USB 2.0

USB 2.0 device will work with USB 3.0 host
USB 3.0 device will work with USB 2.0 host
THE END

BIBLIOGRAPHY
wikipedia.com
geoffknagge.com
youtube.com
learn.sparkfun.com