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CHM-657
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Submitted By:
HIRA MEHMOOD.
HUMAM AHMED.

Submitted To:
Maam Naushaba,
Maam Humera
Maam Tuba
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 Volumetric analysis involves oxidation-reduction
reaction or (redox reaction).
Iodometry is one of the most important redox titration
method.
Iodometry also known as iodometric titration is a
measured of volumetric chemical analysis, a redox
reaction where the appearance or disappearance of
elementary iodine indicates the end point.
Iodometry is of two types:

Iodomtery: The indirect titration of iodine produced

when an oxidizing analyte is added to excess iodide.
Iodimetry: The direct iodometric titration in which a
reducing analyte is titrated with iodine (titrant).
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 Chemical Reagents:
Chemical Name Chemical Formula State
Potassium Dichromate K2Cr2O7 Solid
Sodium thiosulphate Na2S2O3.5H2O Solid
Potassium Iodide KI Solid
Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO3 Solid
Hydrochloric Acid HCl Solution
Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 Solution
Starch Solution

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 Chemical Equations:
Standardization of Na2S2O3.5H2O:
Hydrolysis of K2Cr2O7 :
1.K2Cr2O7 H2 O 2K+ + Cr2O7-2
Reduction of Cr2O7-2 into Cr+3 :

2. Cr2O7-2 +14H+ +6e- 2Cr+3 + 7H2O

Ionization of KI in Aqueous Solution:

3. KI H2O K+ + I-
Oxidation of I- :
4. 3(2I- I2+2e-
Balancing of No. of Electrons (in Equation 4)

5. 6I- 3I2 + 6e-

Net Equation (adding Equation 2 and 5 )

6. Cr2O7-2+6I-+14H+ 2Cr+3+7H2O+3I2
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 Ionization of Na2S2O3.5H2O in aqueous Solution:
7. Na2S2O3.5H2O H2O 2Na+ + S2O3-2 + 5H2O
Oxidation of S2O3-2 :
8. 2S2O3-2 S4O6-2+2e-
Reduction of I2 :
9. I2+2e- 2I-
Net Equation (adding 8 and 9)
10. I2+ 2S2O3-2 2I-+S4O6-2
Analysis of sample solution:
Ionization of H2O2 in aqueous solution:
11.H2O2 H2O 2H + + O2-2
Reduction of O2-2 into H2O:
12.4H + + O2-2 + 2e- 2H2O
Oxidation of I- into I2 :
13. 2I- I2+ 2e-
Net Equation (adding 12 and 13)
14. 4H + + O2-2 + 2I- I2+ 2H2O
Reaction of NaHCO3 with HCl:

15. NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl +CO2+ H2O 9

 PROCEDURE
STANDARDIZATION OF Na2S2O3.5H2O SOLUTION:
Take a known volume of standard K2Cr2O7 solution in an iodometric
flask. Add NaHCO3 along with 4M HCl.
Reason:
In order to expel out the oxygen from the reaction mixture which
can interfere in chemical reactions
2nd purpose of adding HCl is ,Redox reactions are pH dependent.
Now Add KI and Cover the flask and keep in dark for 5 minutes.
Reason:
Light can act as catalyst and will oxidize I - into I2 .
Titrate the brown content of flask against Na2S2O3.5H2O until it
becomes pale yellow. Add starch and titrate again until blue
color turns sea green.

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Reason:
Starch gives water insoluble complex with I2 when it is in
high concentrations so it added comparatively late.
End point:

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 Analysis of sample solution:

Take a known volume of sample solution in iodometric flask.

Add about 2g of NaHCO3.

Acidify the mixture with dilute H2SO4

Add about 2g solid KI and then cover the flask.

keep in the dark for 5 minutes.

Now titrate with standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution using starch

indicator.

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 Observations:
Weight of K2Cr2O7 = x g / 100.0ml
Molar mass of K2Cr2O7 = 294.1842 g/mol
Weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O = y g/250ml
Molar mass of Na2S2O3.5H2O = 248.1872 g/mol
Molar mass of H2O2 = 34.0146 g/mol
Standardization of Na2S2O3.5H2O solution:
Volume of standard K2Cr2O7 solution=10.0/25.0ml
Indicator: starch
Volume of Na2S2O3.5H2O solution consumed: Z ml

Analysis of sample solution:

Volume of sample solution of H2O2=10.0/25.0 ml
Indicator: starch
Volume of standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution consumed:
13 a ml
 CALCULATIONS

Determination of weight of K2Cr2O7 to prepare its p M

standard solution:
Weight of K2Cr2O7= Molarity x Molar Mass x Volume
1000
Weight of K2Cr2O7= p x 294.1918 x 100.0
1000
Weight of K2Cr2O7= a g/100.0ml

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 Determination of molarity of prepared standard K2Cr2O7
solution
Molarity of prepared standard K2Cr2O7= Weight of K2Cr2O7 x 1000/
Molar mass x Volume
Molarity of prepared standard K2Cr2O7= a x 1000
Molar mass x Volume
Molarity of prepared standard K2Cr2O7= p M

Determination of weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O to prepare its q M

Weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O=Molarity x Molar mass x
Volume/1000
Weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O= q x Molar mass x Volume
1000
Weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O= b g/250.0ml
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 Standardization of prepared Na2S2O3.5H2O solution
1000ml standard K2Cr2O7 contains p mol of K2Cr2O7
1ml standard K2Cr2O7 contains p/1000 mol of K2Cr2O7
10.0 or 25.0ml standard K2Cr2O7 contains p x 10.0 or
25.0/1000 mol of K2Cr2O7
= r mol of K2Cr2O7
1 K2Cr2O7= 6 Na2S2O3.5H2O
1mol of K2Cr2O7 reacts with 6 mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
r mol of K2Cr2O7 reacts with 6xr mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
= s mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
f ml of Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains s mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
1ml of Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains s/f mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O

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 1000ml Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains s x1000/f mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
= t mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
So, the concentration of prepared Na2S2O3.5H2O=t M
Analysis of Sample Solution:
Determination of No. of mol of H2O2present in sample
solution:
1000ml of standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains t mol of
Na2S2O3.5H2O
1ml of standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains t/1000 mol of
Na2S2O3.5H2O
j ml of standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains j x t/1000 mol of
Na2S2O3.5H2O
= u mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
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 2Na2S2O3.5H2O = 1 H2O2
10.0 or 25.0ml sample solution contains v mol of H2O2
1ml of sample solution contain v/10.0or25.0 mol of H2O2
250.0ml of sample solution contain v x250.0/10.0or25.0 mol of H2O2
= w mol of H2O2/250.0ml
Determination of weight of H2O2 present in 250.0 ml
sample solution
Weight of H2O2= No of mol of H2O2 x Molar mass of H2O2
Weight of H2O2= w x 34.0146
Weight of H2O2= y g/250.0ml

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 Result:
The no.of mol of H2O2 present in the given sample solution
is found to be W mol/250.0 ml.

The weight of H2O2 present in the given sample solution is

found to be Y g/250.0 ml.

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