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BY
DIPEN TRIVEDI
 The strategy of human being is to collect
³

´

´ information about any topic.
Due to the increasing number of mobile users
and due to applications like wireless internet which needs
high data rates of the multiple access system. Thus it is
necessary to use limited bandwidth efficiently.
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|DMA IN FDMA/TDMA MOBILE RADIO |Y|TEM

|DMA IN CDMA MOBILE RADIO |Y|TEM
WHAT I| |MART ANTENNA?
|DMA FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
|DMA FOR VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION
 WHAT I| |MART ANTENNA?

A 








refers
refers to a group of
antenna technologies that control directional antenna
arrays by means of Digital |ignal processing (D|P)
algorithms.

A 



evaluates signal
conditions continuously for each signal that is
transmitted or received, and then uses this
information to determinate how to manipulate
incoming signals to maximize performance.
 The following are distinction can be made
between the categories of smart antennas regarding the choices
in transmit strategy:-

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A finite number of fixed, predefined

patterns or combining strategies (sectors).

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An infinite number of patterns (scenario-

based) that are adjusted in real time.
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It is possible, using array antennas, to create a

group of overlapping beams that together result in
omni directional cove rage. It is the simplest
technique, and comprises only a basic switching
function between separate directive antennas or
predefined beams of an array.
One might design overlapping beam patterns
pointing in slightly different directions similar to the
ones shown in figure 1.1.
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Adaptive array antenna systems continually

monitor their coverage areas, attempting to adapt to
their changing radio environment, which consists of
(often mobile) users and interferers.
The principle of |DMA with adaptive
antenna application is quite different from the beam-
beam-
forming approaches described above (figure
(figure 2)
2)
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Increased B| range
Less interference within the cell
Less interference in neighboring cells
Increased capacity by means of |FIR or |DMA
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In traditional cellular systems the

base station, having no information on the position of
the mobile units, is forced to radiate the signal in all
direction, in order to cover the entire area of the cell.
This entails both a waste of power and the
transmission

Radiation nulls shall be positioned

in the directions of interfering mobile units. This
behavior is just defined ³NULL |TEERING´.
 Events happening in |DMA system:-

A ³|napshot´ or simple is taken of the signals

coming from all of the antenna elements, converted into
digital form, and stored in memory.
A computer, the |DMA processor, then analyzes the
simple to obtain an estimate of the radio environment,
identifying users and interferes and their locations.
An analogous calculation is done to allow spatially
selective transmission from the array. Each user¶s signal is
now effectively delivered through a separate communication
channel called a ³|PATIAL CHANNEL´.
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When a system is constructed using |DMA, the number of cells

required to cover a given area can be substantially reduced.
In ³NOI|Y´ areas where range is limited by interference,
spatially selective transmission and reception result in range
extension.
The destructive effects of multi path signals- copies of the desired
signal that have arrived at the antenna after bouncing from objects
between the signal source and the antenna-can often be mitigated.
Less power consumption in |DMA systems.
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|pace division multiple access (|DMA), relies

on user position information and provides users access
to the communication channel based on their spatial
locations.
The scheme is self-
self-starting and self-
self-maintaining.
It provides collision-
collision-free access to the communication
address resolution amongst the users. In addition,
|DMA guarantees delay-
delay-bounded communication in
real--time.
real
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 
  If the time slots are equal intervals, |DMA
provides equal bandwidth to all users.


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Using |DMA, every user can access the

communication channel periodically and broadcast its
communication receiver ID along with its position when it
accesses the medium.
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With the help of wireless channel the aircraft is

connected to a traffic control base station, which is docked in the sky.
We only need to tell a control center where we want to go and then the
base station will do everything.

The control base station will chose the optimal

route based on the current traffic information and ³

³

it by sending commands to aircraft through the wireless
channel. At the same time, the aircraft will collect the data
about its status and report this data to the control base
station in real time.
 |DMA I| GOOD FOR MODULATION

The no multi-
multi-path environment makes signal
separation practical and robust.

The aircraft is under the control of the base

station, both base station and aircraft know the
relative position and moving direction. This means
they can easily get the angular information.
 CONCLU|ION

From the above report it is concluded

that Architectures with multiple antenna arrays have
the advantage of offering higher gain, range extension,
multi path diversity, interference suppression,capacity
and data rate increase. |o we can use this thing for
many applications and enhancement of Mobile
Communication.