SEAKEEPING OF SHIP

By Ranadev Datta

TOPIC COVERED
Concept of Encounter Frequency
Uncoupled Heave, Pitch and Roll Motion
Concept of Natural Frequency
Response in Regular waves
Response in Irregular waves
Derived Responses

Green

Water
Propeller Emergence
Slamming
Sea Sickness
Added Resistance etc

ENCOUNTER FREQUENCY

CONTINUE

CONTINUE

Te
...........(1)
Vw V cos

Vw
VwTw .........(2)
Tw
Tw
Te
1 (V / Vw )cos

V
e 1
cos .........(3)
Vw

CASE STUDY

V
e 1
cos
Vw

Cases :
1) e , Beam Sea
2)e 0, When wavs and ship moves in same speed
3)e 0, The Ship ovetakes he wave
4)e 0, Either waves overtake the ship or direction is different

EXAMPES

A ship is traveling at 30 knots in a regular wavefield. The crest of these waves are 50 degree to
the direction of the ships forward velocity. The
ship is found to respond at a frequency of 0.15
rad/sec. Determine the possible length of the
waves.

UNCOUPLED HEAVE, PITCH AND ROLL MOTION

EQUATION OF MOTION
x& Bx& Cx Fext ...........(4)
M A &

Natural Frequency:

C
...........(5)
M A

EXPRESSION FOR NATURAL

FREQUENCIES
Heave Natural Periods
Tn 2

M A ...........(5)
gAWP

A=Added Mass

Pitch Natural Periods

Tn 2

M A
gGM L

...........(6)

A=Added Inertia

Pitch Natural Periods

Tn 2

M A
gGM T

...........(7)

A=Added Inertia

Heave

EQUATION OF MOTION
x& Bx& Cx Fext ...........(4)
M A &
Assuming all added mass , damping and restoring force is
known to me

Fext a sin(e t )

x a sin et .............(5)

Where bita is the phase lag, which means the excitation and the
response doesnt occur at the same time, its depending on the
encounter frequencies.

IMPORTANCE OF THE FORCES IN

DIFFERENT FREQUENCY RANGE
x& Bx& Cx Fa sin et ...........(6)
M A &
substitute : x a sin et
x& e a cos e t
&
x& e 2 sin e t
Then , for the higher frequencies, added mass term is dominating,
that is the case for vibration, on the other hand , for lower frequency
range, the restoring / hydrostatic is dominating.
However, in mid range, ( encounter frequency falls within 4 20
sec ), all the hydrodynamic component are equally important

LOW FREQUENCY RANGE

HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE TREND

MID FREQUENCY RANGE

COUPLED EQUATION OF MOTION

Surge
Heave
Pitch

Sway
Roll
Yaw

COUPLED EQUATION OF MOTION

( HEAVE AND PITCH)
Heave
Ext
&
&
&
&
x&

B
x

C
x

A
x

B
x

C
x

F
M A33 &
3
33 3
33 3
35 5
35 5
35 5
3 ...........(7)

Pitch
Ext
&
&
&
&
x&

B
x

C
x

A
x

B
x

C
x

F
I A55 &
5
55 5
55 5
53 3
53 5
53 3
5 ...........(8)

RESPONSE AMPLITUDE
OPERATOR/TRANSFER FUNCTION
It is frequency domain representation of the time domain
results in regular waves
Analogs to so called transfer function in other field
Commonly represents as RAO
We are mainly interested for FORCE and RESPONSE
RAO
RAO tells us, for a particular frequency, what is the
maximum response of the vessel.
Information about RAO is sufficient if we are only
looking for maximum response, ultimate strength analysis
etc
However, RAO with Phase information is needed if we
are looking for understanding the proper dynamics, which
is required for fatigue, hydroelasticity analysis etc.

TYPICAL RAO FOR HEAVE ( WIGLEY

HULL )

RAO

TYPICAL RAO FOR PITCH ( WIGLEY

HULL )

IR-REGULAR WAVES / RANDOM

WAVES

Frequency Encounter Wave Spectrum

RESPONSE OF SHIP IN WAVES

DERIVED MOTION

DECK WETNESS

Thank You