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SEMINAR ON

NEURAL ORGANIZATION,
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND KEY
FUNCTIONS
HEMISPHERITY

PRESENTED BY
JYOTHI.R

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM


The nervous system is the
master controlling and
communicating system of the
body.
More than 100 billion nerve cells
are operating constantly all over
the body to co-ordinate all the
activities.

BRAIN

Fore brain(Cerebrum)

Mid brain(Cerebellum)

Telencephalon
diejncephalon

Hindbrain(medulla Oblangata)

Metencephalon

Pons
Medulla
Cerebrel contex
system

basal ganglea

limbic

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Mylencephalo

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM


The Central Nervous System (CNS)consists of brain and spinal cord, which
act as the integrating and command
centers of the nervous system. The
interpret incoming sensory information
and instructions based on past
experience and current conditions.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM(PNS)
It is the part of the nervous system outside
the CNS
The PNS includes all the nerves in our
body that brings messages to the CNS and
from the CNS to the muscles.
It consist mainly of the nerves that extend
from the brain and spinal cord.
CRANIAL NERVES carry impulses to and
from the brain
SPINAL NERVES carry impulses to and
from the brain

CEREBRUM
The Cerebrum is the largest part of
the brain. It consists of two surfaces.
The cerebral cortex and cerebral
medulla.
The cerebrum controls the senses,
thoughts, and movements.

Cerebellum
The cerebellum is seen at the back of
our head under the cerebrum.
It is a small cauliflower like structure.
It is responsible for movement,
balance, posture, etc. It handles
reflexes of eye movements. It often
takes over learned activities like
riding a bike or car.

MEDULLA OBLONGATA
Medulla oblongata merges
seamlessly with the spinal cord and
creates the base of the brain stem.
It is the primary control centre for
vital involuntary reflexes such as
swallowing, vomiting, sneezing,
coughing and regulation of
cardiovascular and respiratory
activity.

PONS

The Pons serves as a message


station between several areas of
thebrain. It helps relay messages
from the cortex and the cerebellum.
Without the PONS, thebrainwould
not be able to function because
messages would not be able to be
transmitted, or passed along.

HYPOTHALAMUS
The Hypothalamus is situated under the
thalamus, at the top of the brainstem.

It controls many bodily functions.


Controls emotional response and behaviour.
Regulates food intake.
Regulates water balance and thirst.
Controls sleep- wake cycles.
Controls endocrine system.

THALAMUS

Thalamus is called the gateway to


the cerebral cortex. All sensory
impulses pass through it to the
higher levels of the brain.

BRAIN HEMISPHERITY
The brain is divided into two
hemispheres by a groove called
medial longitudinal fissure.
Corpus callosum connects the right
and left hemispheres and helps in
the communication of each side.

LOBES OF THE BRAIN


The cerebral cortex has four lobes.
They are
The frontal lobe
The Parietal lobe
The Occipital lobe and
The Temporal lobe

RETICULAR ACTIVATING
SYSTEM
A diffuse network of nerve pathways
in the brainstem connecting the
spinal cord, cerebrum, and
cerebellum, and mediating the
overall level of consciousness.

NEURON
Brain is made up of specialized cells
called neurons which transmits
chemicals and electrical signals in
the brain.
The neurons are made up of soma,
axon, dendrites, and synapses.

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