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II
Chapter two
Stress in pavements
Stress in pavements
2.1. Stress in flexible pavements
2.1.1 Stress in homogeneous mass
2.1.2 Stress in a layered system
stress due to
circular
loading (Foster
and Ahlvin,
1954)
due to circular
loading
(Foster and
Ahlvin, 1954)
10
to circular loading
(Foster and
Ahlvin, 1954)
11
deflection due
to circular
loading
(Foster and
Ahlvin, 1954)
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13
Example 1
HIGHWAY II - Stress in Pavements
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Eq 2.3
Eq 2.4
Eq 2.5
Eq 2.6
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Example 2
HIGHWAY II - Stress in Pavements
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Where
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22
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25
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Example 4
HIGHWAY II - Stress in Pavements
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Two-Layer Systems
(contd)
The interface deflection between the two
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Figure 2-10:
Vertical surface
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Vertical
interface
deflection
factor for two
layer system,
E1/E2=10 and
E1/E2=25
(Haung, 1969)
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Vertical
interface
deflection
factor for two
layer system,
E1/E2=50 and
E1/E2=100.
(Haung, 1969)
Example 5 6
HIGHWAY II - Stress in Pavements
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Example 7
HIGHWAY II - Stress in Pavements
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Two-Layer Systems
(contd)
In most cases, the critical tensile strain occurs
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Three-Layer Systems
The three layer systems can be conceived
as follows:
1. Top layer, representing all bituminous
layers taken together.
2. Middle layer, representing the
unbounded base and subbase courses
and
3. Third layer, representing the subgrade.
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37
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39
40
41
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Eq
{Bottom
2.18
Eq
2.19
{Top of
Layer 2}
Example 8
Eq
2.20
{Bottom of
Eq
2.21
{Top of
Layer 2}
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Stresses in
Rigid
Pavements
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48
Eq
2.23
Eq
2.22
Example 9
Eq
2.24
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Stresses in Rigid
Pavements
Eq
2.26
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52
Eq
2.27
Example 10
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Eq
2.32
Example 11
54
Where
Pd is the load on dual tyres
q is the contact pressure
Sd is the spacing of the tyres
Example 12
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Curling stress
A change in temperature through the slab
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Hooks law:
Generalization of Hooks law
z
y
Fig
2.18
HIGHWAY II - Stress in Pavements
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Eq
2.36
Eq
(the stress in the bending direction )
2.37
Eq
2.38
(The stress in the perpendicular direction of bending)
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the y direction is
Eq
2.41
66
Fig 2.20
Stress
correction
factor for finite
slab
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Arrangement of
Steel and joints in
rigid pavements
71
FIG 2.22
Stresses due to
friction
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Where
L = joint spacing caused by temperature change and
drying shrinkage of concrete,
t = coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete,
generally 9 to 10.8x10-6 / oC,
= drying shrinkage coefficient of concrete,
approximately 0.5 to 2.5x104
L = joint spacing or slab length,
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width
Eq
Where
As = the area of steel required per
fs
2.49
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Where:
As = the area of steel required per length
L = the distance from the longitudinal joints to
the free
Example
16 edges where no bars exist.
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