Konsep dan PRINSIP PHT

1. Pengertian PHT (INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IPM)

- Pendekatan sistematik untuk pengelolaan OPT, dengan
mengkombinasikan berbagai teknik pengendalian
- Suatu cara pendekatan , cara pikir (konsep) atau falsafah
pengendalian organisme pengganggu tumbuhan yang
didasarkan pada pertimbangan ekologi dan efisiensi
ekonomi dalam rangka pengelolaan ekosistem
- Strategi
pengelolaan
pertanian
untuk
menjaga
kepadatan populasi OPT tetap berada di bawah
kepadatan yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil
yang tidak dapat diterima secara ekonomi
- Kogan (1998): IPM is a decision support system for the selection
and use of pest control tactics, singly or harmoniously
coordinated into a management strategy, based on cost/benefit
analyses that take into account the interests of and impacts on

MENGAPA HARUS PHT ?

---AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA --1.Perubahan status hama
- resistensi
- resurjensi
- OPT sekunder
2. Pengaruh pestisida terhadap organisma non-target
- predator
- parasitoid
- entomopatogen
- agen antagonis
- serangga menguntungkan
- hewan ternak dan peliharaan
- keracunan terhadap manusia
3. Peningkatan regulasi (nasional, regional, internasional)
- residu pada hasil pertanian (MRL ------- NO RESIDUE)
- keamanan lingkungan -- ECOLABELLING
- perubahan orientasi konsumen (SAFETY FOOD)

Tujuan PHT
1)produktivitas tanaman tinggi
2)kesejahteraan petani meningkat;
3)populasi dan kerusakan yang ditimbulkan tetap
berada pada tingkat yang secara ekonomi tidak
merugikan dan
4)kualitas
dan
keseimbangan
lingkungan
terjamin dalam upaya mewujudkan pembangunan
yang berkesinambungan

TUJUAN PHT
1.Optimasi keuntungan
2.Penggunaan sumber daya secara berkelanjutan
3.Penggunaan pestisida yang lebih rasional
4.Penurunan biaya dan kontaminasi lingkungan (tanah, air
tanah, air permukaan, polinator, hewan liar, spesies yang
menguntungkan, udara)
5.Penggunaan agensia pengendali alami
(predator/parasitoi, entomoaptogen, agen antagonis, dll)
konservasi, augmentasi
6.Meminimalisasi problem resistensi , resurjensi, opt
sekunder)
7.Keamanan pangan
8.Keamanan pekerjasafe for workers

Table 1.2. Different strategies used under IPM

Behavioral control
Biological control
Biopesticides
Botanical pesticides
Chemical pesticides
Cultural control
Host plant resistance
Mechanical control
Transgenic plants (GMOs)
Quarantine and regulations

Components of a Pest Management Program for Certified

Organic Farming Systems
1. Prevention of pests
2. Identifying pests and understanding the ecology of
agronomically important arthropods
3. Monitoring for presence and abundance of arthropod
populations and/or damage
4. Establishment of thresholds for pest control
intervention (see Flint 1998)
5. Active (non-preventive) control methods
a) Biological control
b) Chemical controls
c) Cultural control
d) Physical controls

FALSAFAH PHT
Reduces dependence, but does not
eliminate or preclude the use of
pesticides
Site specific
Relies on tolerance thresholds
rather than elimination
Cost effective
Good for the environment
Good for public image
Good for the industry

IPM STRATEGIES &TACTICS

Strategy overall plan to reduce a pest problem
Tactic actual method used to implement the strategy
General IMP Strategies
1. Do-nothing Is the pest economically/aesthetically
significant? Use sampling and knowledge of economic/aesthetic
thresholds to make a decision; if pest population is below the
Economic/Aesthetic Threshold, then control is not justified.
2. Reduce-numbers Implement on a treat-as-needed basis
when the economic injury level is reached, or as a preventive
tactic based on history of a pest problem.
Examples of tactics: pesticides, release of natural enemies, cultural
practices such as
cultivation, sanitation, etc.
3. Reduce-crop/host/ecosystem susceptibility Rely on
changes made in the host (plant or animal) or ecosystem that
make it less susceptible to the pest (i.e., raise the economic injury
level).
Examples of tactics: host plant (or animal) resistance or tolerance,
cultural practices such as fertilization (reduce stress) and altering
the synchrony between pest and susceptible host stage, etc.
4. Combined strategies