FFT Pruning for Cognitive

Radio

Outline
Introduction
Wireless
Non

Transmission for DSA

Contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM)

NC-OFDM

Solutions

based CR: Challenges and

Outline
Introduction
Wireless
Non

Transmission for DSA

Contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM)

NC-OFDM

Solutions

based CR: Challenges and

Introduction
The utilization efficiency of prime wireless spectrum
has been shown to be poor.

Introduction

(continued)

In

order to better utilize wireless

spectrum, detection of white spaces in
licensed bands and hardware
reconfigurability are crucial.

variant of OFDM named NC-OFDM meets

the above requirements and supports high
data-rates while maintaining acceptable
levels of error robustness.

Outline
Introduction
Wireless
Non

Transmission for DSA

Contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM)

NC-OFDM

Solutions

based CR: Challenges and

Wireless Transmission
for DSA
A

solution to the artificial

spectrum scarcity is shown
below.

Wireless Transmission for

DSA
(continued)

A recap of the existing approaches to

DSA.
Spectrum

Pooling: Create a common

inventory of spectral resources from
licensed users
Cooperative (exchange of information
between users, centralized or noncentralized control etc.,) vs non-cooperative
transmission (minimum or no exchange of
information, poor spectrum utilization
efficiency, nodes act in a greedy fashion)

Wireless Transmission for

DSA
(continued)

Challenge: What are the design issues

that arise during secondary utilization
of a licensed band?
Minimum

interference to licensed
transmissions
Maximum exploitation of the gaps
in the time-frequency domain.

Outline
Introduction
Wireless
Non

Transmission for DSA

Contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM)

NC-OFDM

Solutions

based CR: Challenges and

Non-contiguous OFDM
(NC-OFDM)
NC-OFDM

transmitter

Non-contiguous OFDM
(NC-OFDM) (continued)
NC-OFDM

receiver

Outline
Introduction
Wireless
Non

Transmission for DSA

Contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM)

NC-OFDM

Solutions

based CR: Challenges and

NC-OFDM based CR:

Challenges and Solutions
Challenge

#1: Interference

mitigation

Mathematically, the power spectral density

of the transmit signal over one subcarrier is,

Mean relative interference to a

neighboring legacy system subband is,

NC-OFDM based CR:

Challenges and Solutions
(continued)
Challenge

#1: Interference

mitigation
Extended to a system with N subcarriers,

the signal over one subcarrier is,

where

NC-OFDM based CR: Challenges and

Solutions (continued)
Solution
Applied

#1.1: Windowing

to the time-domain OFDM transmit

signal. Raised cosine window defined as
shown
below is commonly used.

NC-OFDM based CR: Challenges and

Solutions (continued)
Solution

#1.2: Insertion of guard

bands

A waste of spectral resources

NC-OFDM based CR: Challenges and

Solutions (continued)
Challenge
In

#2: FFT Pruning

an NC-OFDM scenario, several OFDM

subcarriers are turned OFF in order to
avoid interfering with an incumbent user.
If the available spectrum is sparse, the
number of zero-valued inputs to the FFT
lead to an inefficient use of hardware.

NC-OFDM based CR: Challenges and

Solutions (continued)
Challenge

#2: FFT Pruning

General FFT pruning

Algorithm
Alves

et al. Algorithm

Mean execution time

Mean number of addition and

multiplication

References

[1] Rogerio G. Alves, Concordia University 21NMETR0 3PUC-RIO Dept.

of Electrical and Computer Eng IEEE Journal

[2] P. L.Osorio , INMETRO DIMCUDIELEL ATCE CP 94501, CEP 25250020 Duque de Caxias, RJ Brazil IEEE Journal

[3] M. N. S. Swamy , PUC-RIO Dept. of Electrical Eng. CP 38063, CEP

22452 970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil IEEE Journal

[4] C. Vennila, Kumar Palaniappan CT, Kodati Vamsi Krishna.

G.Lakshminarayanan1 Dept. of ECE, National Institute of Technology,
Trichy, India IEEE Journal

[5] Seok-Bum Ko IEEE Journal Dept. of Electrical and Computer

Engineering

Univ. of Saskatchewan IEEE Journal

Thank You