Relative Clauses give extra information about nouns.

Relative clauses often begin with that /who / where / when / which /
whose
. If the noun is a thing, use which / THAT
. If the noun is a person, use who.
. If you are talking about a place, use where.
. If you are talking about POSSESSION, use whose.

This is the park where I met my girlfriend. (A park is a place.)

That is the bank where I keep my money. (A bank is a place.)

1. This is the bus-stop. I always get on a bus there.

This is the bus-stop where I always get on a bus.

2. This is the park. We take a walk there when it is a lovely day.

This is the park where we take a walk when it is a lovely day.

3. This is the restaurant. We ate pizza there.

This is the restaurant where we ate pizza.

4. This is the town. I grew up there.

This is the town where I grew up.

5. The bus-stop is opposite the bank. I always get on a bus there.

The bus-stop where I always get on a bus is opposite the

bank.
6. The park is full of trees and flowers. We take a walk there
when it is

a lovely day.

The park where we take a walk when it is a lovely day is full

of trees and flowers.
7. The restaurant has a beautiful garden. We ate pizza there.
The restaurant where we ate pizza has a beautiful garden.
8. The town is famous for its mosques. I grew up there.
The town where I grew up is famous for its mosques.

Join the sentences using who, whom, whose, which,

or that

1. I saw a friend. I have known her for a long time.

I saw a friend whom I have known for a long time.
2. I saw a friend. He plays the piano.
I saw a friend who plays the piano.
3. I saw a friend. The friends dog is lost.
I saw a friend whose dog is lost.
4. I saw a friend. I like her dog.
I saw a friend whose dog I like.

5. I telephoned a friend. I discussed my summer plans with him.

I telephoned a friend with whom I discussed my summer plans.
OR
I telephoned a friend whom I discussed my summer plans with.
6. I saw a friend. I always send a birthday card to her son.
I saw a friend to whose son I always send a birthday card.
OR
I saw a friend whose son I always send a birthday card to.
7. I watched a TV programme. It dealt with traffic problems.
I watched a TV programme that / which dealt with traffic problems.
8. I watched a TV programme. Its topic was traffic problems.
I watched a TV programme whose topic was traffic problems.

9. I watched a TV programme. I had heard a great deal about it.

I watched a TV programme that/which/X I had heard a great deal
about.
10. I watched a TV programme. Many people enjoy it.
I watched a TV programme that/which/X many people enjoyed.

11. In the audience there were a number of students. Many of them

have offered helpful suggestions.
In the audience there were a number of students , many of whom
have offered helpful suggestions.

12. I have a number of cousins. One of them is a dancer.

I have a number of cousins , one of whom is a dancer.

13. I have owned many cars. Two of them were convertibles.

I have owned many cars , two of which were convertibles.

14. I met some friends last night. Several of them were going to the
movies.
I met some friends last night , several of whom were going to the
movies.
15. There are a number of dogs in our neighbourhood. Many of them
bark a great deal.
There are a number of dogs in our neighbourhood , many of which
bark a great deal.
16. I have known many dogs. I will never forget one of them.
I have known many dogs, one of which I will never forget.

Rewrite the following sentences forming a relative clause

from the second sentence and substituting who, whom,
whose, which, or that for the appropriate noun or noun
phrase in the second sentence.
1. A student always answers the teachers questions first. The
student sits in the middle of the front row.
A student who sits in the middle of the front row always answers
the teachers questions first.

2. The doctor has his office in a medical center nearby. The

doctor lives next door.
The doctor who lives next door has his office in a medical
center nearby.

3. New York City is not the capital of the state of New York. New

York City is surely the most well-known city in the state.

New York City , which is surely the most well-known city in the
state, is not the capital of the state of New York.

4. Websters Third New International Dictionary attracted a great

deal of attention in the English-speaking world. Websters
Third New International Dictionary was published in 1961.

Websters Third New International Dictionary , which was

published in 1961 , attracted a great deal of attention in the
English-speaking world.

5. I cannot remember the title or the author of the book. I was

going to recommend the book to you.
I cannot remember the title or the author of the book
that/which/X

I was going to recommend to you.

6. My aunt is coming to visit Jane. Jane is very fond of my aunt.

My aunt whom Jane is very fond of is coming to visit her.

7. Janes mother is coming to visit her. Jane sees her often.

Janes mother , who/whom Jane sees often , is coming to
visit her.

8. Will the person please move his car? The persons car is in the
driveway.
Will the person whose car is in the driveway please move his car?
9. Tomorrow we will climb a mountain. The peak of the mountain is
covered with snow.
Tomorrow we will climb a mountain whose peak is covered with
snow.
10. Jane Austen was born in England in 1775 and lived there until
her death in 1817. I have always enjoyed Jane Austens works.
Jane Austen , whose works I have always enjoyed , was born in
England in 1775 and lived there until her death in 1817.

Join the sentences by changing the second sentence of each pair into a
defining relative clause. Omit the relative pronoun if the relative
pronoun is NOT the SUBJECT of the clause.
1.The exhibition was not very interesting. My friend took me to see it.
The exhibition my friend took me to see was not very interesting.

2.One of the main things is to save money, manpower, and time. A computer
can do this thing.
One of the main things a computer can do is to save money,
manpower, and time.

3.The car was driven by the world champion. It won the race.

The car which / that won the race was driven by the world champion.

4. Trade Union legislation is one major problem. The Government has

to

deal with this problem.

Trade Union legislation is one major problem the Government has to deal
with .
5. Immigration is an issue. This issue raises strong emotions.
Immigration is an issue which raises strong emotions.

6. The yacht arrived first. It started last.

The yacht which / that started last arrived first.

7. There is evidence that many men were in fact willing to accept the
Companys revised pay offer. These men went on strike.
There is evidence that many men who / that went on strike were in fact
willing to accept the Companys revised pay offer.

8. Is the offer still open? You made the offer last week.
Is the offer you made last week still open?

9. The gales caused widespread damage. They swept across southern

England last night.
The gales which / that swept across southern England last night
caused widespread damage.

10. Paintings by Renoir received record prices in the sale. The sale took
place at Sothebys in London yesterday.
Paintings by Renoir received record prices in the sale which / that
took place at Sothebys in London yesterday.