WELDED JOINTS

Lecture Outcomes
At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
identify different types of welded joints.
suggest appropriate edge preparation for the given
parts.
indicate and interpret welding symbols on drawings.

Welding - Introduction
Effective method of making permanent joints
Possible to produce leak proof joints that can withstand high
pressures and temperatures.
Welding is fast replacing casting and forging wherever
possible.
When compared to riveting, welding is cheaper, stronger and
simpler to execute at site with considerable freedom in design.
Hence, it is widely used in ship building and structural
fabrication in place of riveting.

Welding Terminology

(a) Butt weld

(b) Fillet weld

Types of Joints

WELD JOINT DESIGN

Edge Preparation - Need

Poor penetration
Poor strength

Good penetration
Good strength
(100% joint
efficiency)

Edge Preparation
Factors influencing choice of edge preparation
- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost

Basic Weld Types

Groove welds

Fillet weld

Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

Applicable Welds for Butt Joint

Square Groove weld

V Groove weld

Double V Groove weld

Bevel Groove weld

Double Bevel Groove weld

U Groove weld

Double U Groove weld

J Groove weld

Double J Groove weld

Edge Preparation

Applicable Welds for Lap joint

Fillet weld

Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

Butt Joint V groove

Double V groove

Less weld metal

Less distortion
Higher edge preparation cost

Single V groove

Better for thickness > 20 mm

More weld metal
More distortion
Lower edge preparation cost
Better for thickness < 20 mm13

Butt Joint U groove

Groove angle

Root radius

Root face
Root gap
Good access at the root
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm

14

Lap Joint

overlap
AWS D 1.1 recommendation
Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max
15

Welding Position Groove

1G

3G

2G
4G

Welding Positions Groove

Position

Inclination of axis

Rotation of face

Flat

0 to 15

150 to 210

Horizontal

0 to 15

80 to 150
210 to 280

Overhead

0 to 80

0 to 80
280 to 360

Vertical

15 to 80

80 to 280

80 to 90

0 to 360

Weld Symbols

Elementary Welding Symbols

Elementary Welding Symbols

Machine Drawing

Supplementary Welding Symbols

Table 11.2 Supplementary welding symbols
Shape of weld surface

Symbol

(a) Flat (usually finished flush)

(b) Convex
(c) Concave
Table 11.3 Combination of elementary and supplementary symbols
Designation
(flush) single-V butt weld

vex double-V butt weld

I llustration

Shape of weld surface

Symbol

Combination of Elementary &

Supplementary Symbols
(a) Flat (usually finished flush)
(b) Convex

(c) Concave

Table 11.3 Combination of elementary and supplementary symbols

Designation

I llustration

Symbol

Flat (flush) single-V butt weld

Convex double-V butt weld

Concave fillet weld

Flat (flush) single-V butt weld with flat

(flush) backing run
Table 11.4 Combination of elementary symbols (contd.)
No.

Designation
symbol
(For number
refer to
Table 11.1)

Representation

Symbolization
either

I llustration

or

Position of Weld Symbols on

Drawings

An arrow line (1) per joint,

A dual reference line, consisting of two parallel lines; one continuous (2a)
and another dashed (2b)
A certain number of dimensions (4) and conventional signs (3)

NOTE The dashed line may be drawn either above or below the continuous line.
For symmetrical welds, the dashed line is omitted.

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Arrow Side

Arrow Side
Other Side

Welding on the Other Side

Arrow Side

Other Side

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Arrow Side

Welding on the Other Side

Arrow
Side
Other
Side

Arrow
Side
Other
Side

Arrow Side & Other Side

26

Arrow Side & Other Side

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Which is the Other Side in this case?
Side B

Side A

Side C

Side D

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on both Sides

Arrow Side

Other Side

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Symmetric Welding on both Sides
For Butt weld

For Fillet weld

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints

OR

CONVENTIONAL SIGNS

33

Surface Finish
Finishing of welds shall be
indicated by suitable contour and
finish symbols
Examples:
Chipping C
Machining M
Grinding G

34

WELDING PROCESS
DESIGNATIONS

35

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Butt Joints

(e)

(e)

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Fillet Welds

z5

5
5

a5

l
5

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Fillet Welds

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Intermittent Fillet Welds

n x l (e)

n x l (e)

(e)

(e)

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Spot Weld
d

n (e)

e
d

Thank You