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contact

diseases
Communicable diseases

Tetanus
Contact with tetanus
spores in soil instruments
and faces

Tetanus
It

is acute disease induced by exotoxin


of clostridium tetani and clinically
characterized by muscular rigidity

INFECTIOUS AGENT
Clostridium

tetanii

Incubation period
6 to 10 days

Types of tetanus
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

Traumatic tetanus
Puerperal tetanus
Otogenic tetanus
Tetanus neonatorum
idiopathic

Clinical manifestations
Stiffness
Lock

of muscles of jaw

jaw
Spasm of muscles of face and cheeks
Resp obstruction
Cyanosis

complications
Aspiration

pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Mediastinal emphysema
laryngeospasm

Treatment prevention and


control
Bed

rest
Good nursing condition
Airway should be patent
Adequate fluids and caloric plans
Antibiotics
immunization

scabies
Contact disease

scabies
It

is skin infection caused by sarcoptes


scabiei having incubation period of 1 to
2days to 2 weeks

Clinical manifestations
Itching
Itchy

red papules
Commonly on webs of fingers and skin
folds and genitalias rarely on face

Rashes on foot

diagnosis
Scraping

of lesion under microscope

treatment
Topical
I.
II.
III.

scabicides
Sulphur oitment
permethrin
Benzyl benzonate

Prevention and control


Health

education
Cleanliness
Closed contact should be treated
Clothes and bedding should be washed

leprosy
Contact disease

leprosy
It

is chronic infectious disease caused


by myobacterium laprae.characterized
by lesions of nerves skin and mucous
membranes of upper respiratory tract

Types of leprosy
Leperomatous

leprosy
Tuberculoid leprosy

Clinical manifestations
Skin

lesions
Nerve lesions
Superficial nerves involved
Loss of sensation

treament
I. Medical treatment
Rifampin
Dapsone
Clofazimine
ii. Socio and psycho treatment

Prevention and control


Health

education
Notification
Isolation
Disinfection
Avoid contact
Cleanliness and good sanitation
vaccinations

hepatitis

Hepatitis B
It

is an viral infection caused by


hepatitis B virus causing major
pathology in liver
Causative agent:hepandavirus family
virus HBV

Incubation period
45-180

days

Period of communicability
6

week to 6 months

High risk groups


Recipient

of blood transfusions
Homosexuals
Surgeons
Prostitutes
Immuno compromised
Infants of HBV carrier mothers

complications
Cirrohsis

of liver
Liver cancer
Encephalitis
Ascites
Coagulation disorders
GIT bleeding
Capit medusae

Prevention and control


Good

personal hygiene
Careful blood handling
Health education
Notification
Disinfection
vaccinations

vaccination
1st

dose:on ist day


2nd dose:one month later
3rd dose:6 months later
4th dose: booster dose

For high risk


0.05-0.07 ml/kg body weight

HIV/aids

HIV/AIDS
Aids

is fatal illness caused by retro virus


which breakdown human immune
system leading body vulnerable to life
threatening opportunistic infections.

Incubation period
29

moths in adults
12 months in children

causative agent
HIV

virus I and II

High risk groups


Homo

sexuals
Prostitutes
Iv drug abusers
recipients of blood transfusion
Having multiple sex patners
Vertical transmission

Clinical features
a.
b.
c.
d.

Initial infection
Asymptomatic carrier stage
AIDS related complex
AIDS

Initial infection
Fever
Sore

throat
rashes

Asymptomatic carrier
stage
Donot

show sign of disease except


generalized lymphadenopathy

AIDS related complex


Has

illness caused by damage to


immune system but no opportunistic
infections

AIDS
End

stage of HIV INFECTION.


Cancers
Opportunistic infections
Death due to uncontrolled infections

diagnosis
Screening

test
Virus isolation
Absolute CD-4 lymphocyte count

Prevention and control


Notification
Health education
General awareness and behavioural change
Blood and blood product safety
Injection safety
Surveillance and research
Youth
Antiretroviral drugs

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