Chapter # 10

Quantitative Facilities Planning Models

Overview
Facility Location Model:
Rectilinear Distance Facility Location:
Single Facility Rectilinear Minisum:
Euclidean Facility Location:
Single Facility Squared Euclidean
Minisum:

Facility Location Model

Thefacility location Model, also known

aslocation
analysis,
is
a
branch
of
operations researchand
computational geometryconcerned with the
optimal placement of facilities to minimize
transportation costs.

The techniques also apply tocluster analysis

Facility Location Problems can be classified:

Number of new facilities to be located

The solution space
The size of facilities
The criteria used to determine the location
The distance measured

Facility Location Model

Minisum

Rectiline
ar
Euclidean

Minimax

Tchebyshe
v
Rectiline
ar
Euclidean

SingleFacility

Tchebyshe
v

Facility
Location
Minisum

Rectiline
ar
Euclidean

Minimax

Tchebyshe
v
Rectiline
ar
Euclidean

MultiFacility

Tchebyshe
v

Analytical Methods of Location Planning

The various analytical methods of location planning are
affected by the way the distances are measured.

Distance measure:

A mathematical model used to evaluate flexible-flow

layouts based on proximity factors.

There are two ways to measure the distance between

two facilities.
Rectilinear Distance
Euclidean Distance

Rectilinear Distance Facility Location

Rectilinear distance
When distance between two facilities is measured along path
that is orthogonal (90 degree) to each other, then that
distance is termed as rectilinear distance. Suppose two
facilities are located at points represented by (X1,Y1) and at
(X2,Y2) then the rectilinear distance between the facilities will be
:

|X1-X2|+|Y1-Y2|

Applications of Rectilinear Distance

Rectilinear Distance facility location problem because
it represents a situation commonly encountered in
manufacturing and distribution settings.
It occurs in many cities, due to the layout streets.
An industrial example is a material transporter
moving along Rectilinear aisles in a factory

Single Facility Rectilinear Minisum

The annual cost of travel B/W the new facility
and

existing

facility

is

assumed

to

be

proportional to the distance B/W the points X and

Pi,

with

wi

denoting

proportionality.
The objective is to;

the

constant

of

Solution:

Euclidean Distance Facility Location:

Euclidean distance:
Shortest distance between two points
When distance is measured along straight-line
path between the two facilities, then that distance
is termed as Euclidean distance.
{( X

-X

)^2 + ( Y1 - Y2 )^2}1/2

Applications of Euclidean Distance Facility location:

There are situations in which Euclidean distance

is an accurate representation of the location
problem being studied
For examples:

Locating

cell

phone

towers

to

provide

coverage,
Determine where to locate sniper (shoot bullets
in a straight line) Can be modeled accurately using

Single Facility Squared Euclidean Minisum

Squared Euclidean Minisum often referred to as the
gravity problem.
In this the COST OF TRAVEL between a single new
facility and multiple existing facilities to be proportional
to the square of the Euclidean distance between the
facilities
The optimum solution for the gravity problem is
centroid location

The gravity (Euclidean) problem can be formulated as:

Min. f(x , y) =

Wi[ (x-a)2 +(y-b)2]

Taking partial derivate w.r.t X & Y, & setting them equal to zero

X* =

X *W
Wi
i

where,
i

x, y =

coordinates of the new facility

xi, yi = coordinates of existing facility

YW
Wi
i*

Y*

Wi = annual weight shipped from facility i

Solution:

Using this formula

THANK YOU!!