CONTENT AND ASSIGNMENTS:

At Beginning and End of Course Sessions

General Business Environment

Master of Management
GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY

Revised and adjusted and extended : @ Dr. Harsono, M.Sc : April 2016
1

Diskripsi m.k.
Lingkungan Bisnis
Memonitor
Menganalisis & Mendiagnosa
Menyimpulkan
Membuat keputusan
berbagai faktor di luar organisasi yang
berpengaruh thd kehidupan bisnis atau
perusahaan .-Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ANALYSIS

NON-ECONOMIC/FINANCIAL
ENVIRONMENT
BUSINESS ANALYSIS
AND STRATEGY
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT

FOR UNDERSTANDING &

MAKING DECISIONS
3

DECISION MAKING
BEHAVIOR MODELS
REF. KENICKI

1. RATIONAL D.M. : CAUSE AND EFFECT

a. PERFECT INFORMATION (IS THERE ANY?)
b. BUT: MIXED / UNCLEAR CAUSE AND EFFECT
2. NON-RATIONAL D.M.
a. BOUNDED RATIONALITY : SATISFYCING
b. GARBAGE-CAN MODEL: INDEPENDENT
INTERACTIONS OF PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS,
PARTICIPANTS, CHOICES (BERCAMPUR-ADUK)
3. USE BOTH APPROACHES: ESTABLISH CLEAR
ORDER; THEN INVESTIGATE, EXPERIMENT, TESTS
4
4. NOTES: BIASES. INTUITIONS. EVIDENCE BASED
D.M

Pengelolaan Informasi Untuk

Perusahaan

Yang diperhatikan
Keadaan yang berdampak pada kehidupan
bisnis (impact to business life)
Rules of the game
Apa yang terjadi?
Mengapa terjadi?
Apakah trend /kecenderungan yg di waktu y.a.d

Apa pengaruhnya pada kehidupan bisnis? ..Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

Perus. - Manajer - L.B.

Membuat kombinasi sumberdaya : alam,
SDM, modal, teknologi
Tujuan yang feasible dng efisien
Dgn lingkungan bisnis sekarang dan
mendatang
Rational decision making - D.M. process
-Bounded Rationality
Value judgment. ..Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

Course Description
This course is designed to discuss the description, analysis and synthesis of environmental
factors that affect the performance of business organizations. These factors are presented in a strategic
framework to facilitate responses to the complexity and dynamism in an organizations environment.
The interrelationships among environmental factors, industry forces, and business are highlighted in an
effort to provide students with broad perspective and sharp vision to the future . Students
will be trained to identify and analyze key environmental factor, anticipate trends and directions of
those factors, understand the complex and continuously changing interrelationships among them, and
identify business opportunities and threats brought by the environmental change.
This course will explore the following non economic environmental factors:

Demography
Social-Cultural
Political (domestic and international)
Technological (information/communication and processing)
Natural
Governmental (bureaucracy and regional autonomy)

The economic, legal and ethical factors are very important subsets of business environment, and are ,
therefore, discussed in separate courses.

Course Objectives
Upon successful completion of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
2.

3.
4.

Describe and explain the basic conceptual themes and ideas of the
interaction of business and its environment.
Identify relevant and important environmental factors interacting with a
business organization, analyze the patterns and trends of those factors and
the interactions, and translate those patterns and trends in terms of
opportunities and threats to the organization.
Analyze how the environmental factors affects business decisions, and
understand some of the business implications of changes in the environment.
Develop and formulate better business strategy.

The course aims at preparing students to have broader perspective, to be more

visionary and more environment conscious, and to have better managerial
judgment and wisdom.

10

Method of Instruction and Course

Materials
The learning format will be a combination of lecture, interactive discussions and
case study assignments to provide student with relevant issues. Each session
will consist of a discussion of the reading assignments, as well as interactive
discussion of real business world situations, and case studies.
Course materials include a class binder containing weekly reading assignments
and case studies for each topic of the ten class sessions (see detailed course
outline). Students are encouraged to search supplemental reading materials in
each topic.
The course if of multidisciplinary nature, and accordingly students and lecturers
are expected to be broad-minded and have future orientation. Every topic will
be discussed from the visionary perspective of the CEO.

11

Course Outline and Lecturers

This course is topical in nature, and each topic will
be delivered by an expert in the field.
Session

Topics

Lecturers
Class A

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15

Course overview
Demographical environment
Social environment
Cultural environment
Domestic political environment
International political environment
Natural environment
Technological environment: Information Technology
Technological environment: Processing technology
Bureaucracy (Governmental Environment)
Economic Development
Regional Economy
Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Industry and Sectoral Policies
Presentation and discussion of student papers (3 X
Pertemuan)

Class EXECUTIVE

International Class

Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

Masingmasing
oleh
Dosen di
bidangn
ya
Dr. Harsono, M.sc

12

Class Requirements

Attendance and Participation . Students are expected to attend the class on a regular basis, faithfully
complete all assignments and readings on the dates assigned, and actively participate in class activities and
discussions. Active class participation is essential to do well in the class. Class participation grades will be
determined on the basis of your contributions to class discussion (especially case discussion).

Written Case Reports. Each student is required to submit a case report (limited to 5 (five) pages of
written text, not counting appendix items, charts, etc.) for each topic. In total, you have to submit 10 (ten) case
reports. The purpose of this assignment is to let you learn and develop some in-depth expertise on each
specialized topic in the business environment.

Research Paper. Each student will have to complete a written research report on the analysis of
environmental factors affecting a business organization. You need to select a particular firm within an industry,
and then focus your analyses on the impact of each environmental factors on the industry and the firm. The
writing style should strictly follow standards set by the Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business. Students
are seriously warned plagiarism and other forms of academic dishonesty, and therefore should pay serious
attention to proper referencing. It is a good idea to have a one page executive summary at the beginning of the
paper. The basis for evaluating the written report will be quality of content (quality of research and analysis,
meaningful content and timely information), clarity of expression (including well designed tables and charts)
and organization (all parts of the paper should fit together). The first draft of the paper is due for presentation on
session 12. During the presentation, critiques and inputs from other class members and the lecturer should be
utilized to improve the paper. The final report is due 2 (two) weeks after the last class session.

13

Grading Scheme
The grade for this course will consist of the
following elements:
10 case reports (each 6 points) 60 points
1 Individual research paper
25 points
Individual class participation
15 points
Total
100 points

14

=MULTI-LEVELS=
ECONC FACTORS

POLITICAL
FACTORS

International Envir
Nationl Envir
Industr Envir Company
(Stra & Opera)

ar
M
ct
ns
io

Govern Stra & Pol

CULTURAL
FACTORS

lL

ink
age
s

lt
Mu

nd
us
tri

sa
an
Tr
Bil
ate
ra

Gl
ob
al
I

t
ke

Struct & Dynam

n
c ha
e
al M
r
e
t
i la

ism

DEMOGRC15
FACTORS

MULTI - FACTOR
ECONOMIC:
Natural Resources
Labor
Capital
Infrastruct
Technology
CULTURAL:
Social Struct & Dynam
Human Nature Perspecti
Time &Space Orientatio
Religion
Gender Roles
Language

POLITICAL:
Stability
Ideology
Institutions
Geopolitical Links

DEMOGRAPHIC:
Population Growth
Age Structure
Urbanization
Migration
Health Status
16

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
INTERNL ENVIRONMENT

ECONC
FACTORS

lL
ink
e
ag

CULTURAL
FACTORS

Country C

era

Resource
Flows

l
ra
ate m
til i s
ul an
M ech
M

l at
Bi

Country A

INTERNATIL
INTERACTIONS
Market Transact

POLITICAL
FACTORS

Global Industr

Country B
DEMOGRA
FACTORS
17

THE INTERNATIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL COMPANY
/INDUSTRY

COUNTRY B

COMPANY A

COMPANY B

COUNTRY A

18

CONTENT OF THIS COURSE

19

The Ten Key Non-Economic Environments of

Indonesian Business
The requirement today is that managers throughout an
organization be continuously committed to understanding and
adapting to environmental developments that can affect strategies
and operations.
Demography

Cultural

Domestic
Political

Social

International
Political

The Firm
Computer and
Communication
Technology

Bureaucracy
(Governmental)
Regional
Autonomy

Natural
Environment

Processing
Technology
20

Scanning the External Business Environment:

Trends and Implications
Analysis
Analysisof
ofExternal
ExternalEnvironment
Environment
Economic,
Socio-cultural,
Economic, Socio-cultural,Technological,
Technological,
Political,
etc
Political, etc
Industry
analysis

Market (customer)
analysis

Governmental
Analysis

Interest group
Analysis

Analysis
Analysisof
ofstrategic
strategic
factors
factors
Opportunities
Opportunities
Threats
Threats

Identify a number of
likely trends
emerging in the
external
environment
Assess the
probability of these
trends

Competitor
Analysis

Suppli
er
Analys
is

Tasks of Managers:

Assess the likely

impact of each of
these trends on the
industry and the firm
being examined

Other stakeholder
analysis

21

Basic Model of Strategy Formulation

Strategic
Vision
Analysis
Analysisof
of
Environmental
EnvironmentalFactors:
Factors:
Trends,
Trends,events,
events,directions
directions
and
ideals
and ideals

Analysis
Analysisof
ofinternal
internal
resources
and
resources and
capabilities
capabilities

Business:
Business:
Opportunities
Opportunitiesand
and
Threats
Threats

Strengths
Strengthsand
and
Weaknesses
Weaknessesof
ofthe
thefirm
firm

Key
KeySuccess
SuccessFactors
Factors
Creation
Creationof
ofStrategy
Strategy
Strategic
plans
Strategic plans
Managerial values

Distinctive
DistinctiveCompetence
Competence
Evaluation
Evaluationand
and
choice
choiceof
ofstrategy
strategy
Social responsibility
22

Environmental Forces Are Driving

Dramatic Changes
Environmental
Environmental
Forces
Forces

Economic
Economic

Socio-cultural
Socio-cultural

Political
Political

Natural
Natural

Technological
Technological

Governmental
Governmental

Demographic
Demographic
ss

Characteristics
Characteristics

Impact
NewCompetitive
Competitive
New
Landscape
Landscape
Visionary/
Futuristic
View

Drivin
g
Forces

Hypercompetitive
Hypercompetitive
markets
markets

Blurring
Blurringof
ofindustry
industry
boundaries
boundaries

Extreme
Extremeemphasis
emphasison
on
customer
values
customer values

New
Newrules
rulesof
ofthe
thegame
game
Global and
Global and
competence-based
competence-based
competition
competition

Key
determinant
s

Basic
Strategi
c
Issues

New
Newcompetitive
competitive
requirements:
requirements:strategic
strategic
flexibility
and
flexibility and
continuous
continuouslearning
learning

Changing
Changingcareer
career
dynamics
dynamicsand
and
employee
employeeexpectations
expectations
23

Demographic Environment
Demographic
DemographicProfile
Profile
Structure
Structureand
andChanges
Changes
in
in
Demographic
Demographic
Variables
Variables
By
By
Age
Age

By
By
Gende
Gende
rr

By
By
Ethnicit
Ethnicit
yy

By
By
Educatio
Educatio
nn

By
By
Incom
Incom
ee

By
By
Occupatio
Occupatio
nn

By
By
Regio
Regio
nn

Impact on
Work
Work
Force
Force

Work
Work
Place
Place

Supply
Supplyand
and
demand
demandfor
for
goods
and
goods and
services
services

Cost
Cost
structure
structure

Business
BusinessOpportunities
Opportunitiesand
andThreats
Threats

24

Social-Cultural Environment
Basic
Basiclocal
localvalues
values
and
andtraditions
traditions

Social
Socialand
andcultural
cultural
factors
factorsand
and
institutions
institutions

Global
Global
interactions
interactionsand
and
modernization
modernization

Social and
cultural changes
Impacts on
Individualand
and
Individual
group/collective
group/collective
beliefs,values,
values,
beliefs,
perceptions,attitudes,
attitudes,
perceptions,
opinions,and
andlifestyles
lifestyles
opinions,

Structureand
andpatterns
patterns
Structure
ofsocial
socialand
andcultural
cultural
of
interactionsand
and
interactions
conditions
conditions

Workplaceand
and
Workplace
patternsof
ofwork
workand
and
patterns
leisure,career
career
leisure,
dynamicsand
and
dynamics
employeeexpectations
expectations
employee
andcomposition
composition
and

Business
BusinessOpportunities
Opportunitiesand
andThreats
Threats
25

Domestic Political Environment

Structure of, and changes in political
forces and activities in Indonesia

Relations
Relationsamong
among
executive,
executive,legislative,
legislative,
and
andyudicative
yudicativebodies
bodies

Relations
Relationsamong
among
political
politicalgroups
groups

Political
Politicalsystems
systemsand
and
institutions
institutions

Roles and Power exercised:

Direction and stability of political
factors
Impacts on
Relation
Relation
between
between
government
government
and
andprivate
private
enterprise
enterprise

Legal
Legaland
and
regulatory
regulatory
parameters
parameters

National
National
planning
planning

Business
BusinessOpportunities
Opportunitiesand
andThreats
Threats

Roles
Rolesof
of
business
business

26

International Political Environment

Structure and Shifts
in World Politics and
Geopolitics
Political
Politicalallies
alliesbased
based
on:
on:
Ideology
Ideology
Economic
Economicinterest
interest
Former
Formercolony
colonyties
ties
Stage
of
industrial
Stage of industrial
developments
developments
Geographical
Geographical
location
location
Other
Other

Changing
Changingrelationship
relationship
between:
between:
Communist
Communistand
andnon
non

Changing
Changingroles
rolesof
of

communist
communistcountries
countries
Prosperous
Prosperousand
andpoor
poor
countries
countries(North
(Northand
and

and
andother
otherworld
world

global
globalbusinesses
businesses

economic
economicinstitutions
institutions

South)
South)
East
Eastand
andWest
Westcountries
countries
Impact on

Indonesia
n politics
Business
opportunities and
threats

Indonesia
n
economy
27

Technological Environment

Areas
Areas
Information,
Information,communication
communication
and
computers
and computers
Transportation
Transportation
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Medicine
Medicine
Robotics
Robotics
Metal
Metal
Other
Other

Product
Process
Development improvement
s and
innovation

Technological
Technological
Revolution:
Revolution:Trends,
Trends,
Advancement
Advancementand
and
Development
Development

Characteristics
Characteristics
Increasing
Increasingrate
rateof
oftechnological
technological
change
and
diffusion
change and diffusion
Increasing
Increasingknowledge
knowledgeintensity
intensity
Strategic
(knowledge-based
business)
(knowledge-based business)
issues
E-business
E-business
Emergence
Emergenceof
ofpositive
positivefeedback
feedback
industries
industries
Increased
Increasedmastery
masteryof
ofenergy,
energy,its
its
Impacts on
conservation,
and
more
efficient
conservation, and more efficient
(as examples) use
use

Manufacturin
g facilities
automation

Improvement New market

s in
development
marketing
techniques

Business opportunities and

threats

Changes in
the nature of
competition

28

Natural Environment
Business
Business

Reciprocal relationship

The
The
Ecology
Ecology

Pollution:
Pollution:
Air
Air
Water
Water
Land
Land
CrossCrossmedia
media
Increasing
Increasing
cost
costof
of
pollution
pollution
control
control

Regulator
Regulator
yy
demands
demands

Public
Public
demands
demandsfor
for
environmental
environmental
protection
protection

Environmental
Management
System

Customer
Customer
demand
demandfor
for
clean
clean
processes
processesand
and
products
products

Competitiv
Competitiv Internation
Internation
ee
alaltrade
trade
requiremen
agreement
requiremen agreement
tt

New
New
technologie
technologie
ssfor
for
pollution
pollution
prevention
prevention

The greening
of management
Business
opportunities and
threats

29

Governmental Environment
Structure and
Behavior of Government

Laws
Laws
Regulations
Regulationsand
and
Deregulations
Deregulations
Pressures
Pressures
Leadership
Leadership
Roles
Roles
Political
Politicalagenda
agenda

Current
Issues

Regional
Regionalautonomy
autonomy
Relations
Relationsbetween
betweencentral
central
and
andlocal
localgovernment
government
Privatization
Privatizationof
ofstatestateowned
enterprises
owned enterprises

Impacts on
The nature and scope
of government
relations with
business
Rules of the game
Business
opportunities and
threats

30

Current Issues

Terbentuknya Masyarakat Madani;

Hak Azasi Manusia;
Pelestarian Lingkungan;
Otonomi Daerah- Hubungan Pusat dan
Daerah;
Perdagangan Bebas - WTO; AFTA
Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean(regional)
Perbankan: Risk Management; (next)
Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

31

current issues
Banking Systems; Otoritas Jasa Keuangan
Pengembangan Ekonomi Kerakyatan;
IMF - World Bank - Asian Development Bank Perjanjian Multilateral dan Bilateral Arah KEBIJAKAN-KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH,
dalam berbagai bidang dan sektor, sub-sektor.
Kebijakan ekonomi, Sosial, Politik, Keamanan dalam
negeri, Politik luar negeri, Investasi dlm dan l.n.;
Fiskal, Moneter, Sumberdaya alam (minyak, gas,
pertambangan, perikanan), Pertumbuhan ekonomi)

Korupsi; Penegakan Hukum; Lingk. Hidup;

Pemerataan Pendapatan; Dampak Sosial; Inclusion;
Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

32

Peranan Manajer
- Peranan anda

Mintzberg:
Inter-personal Roles
Decision Roles
Information Roles

Informasi mahal, relevant saja

Harus dimonitor, oleh siapa?
Gunakan untuk diagnose - decision
making.-Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

33

Scanning - Monitoring - Forecasting Assessment

Monitoring

Scanning

Medium Term

Forecasting

Surprises
Long Term

Assessment
V.K.Narajaman
L.Vahey

Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

34

Macro Analysis - Implication

Does change affect our Industry?

General expectation
New product?
Sales?
New entry?
New suppliers
New substitute? (NEXT)
Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

35

Macro Analysis - Implication

Affect on our more immediate tasks?

Demand by existing customers?
Changes in competitor strategies?
Changes in supplier strategies?

Implication to our current strategy?

Change in existing product?

Change in existing target market?
Change in how to compete?
Change in current goals? (NEXT)
Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

36

Macro Analysis - Implication

Change in our future strategy?

Potential new product?

New customer?
New ways of competing?
Change in strategy choice?
Need for new orgn structure
Need for new operating processes?
Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

37

Perusahaan melakukan Decision

Making
Perlu informasi
Kualitas input menentukan kualitas
Decision
Pengelolaan informasi, harus perhatikan:

relevansi
tepat waktu
format sesuai dengan decision model
biaya memperoleh dan menyimpan informasi
38

Memperoleh Informasi
Asal informasi:
Informasi internal
Informasi eksternal

Bentuk perolehan
tertulis
lesan

39

 Cara perolehan

observasi
baca
diskusi
seminar
spionase
penelitian
hasil kajian
penugasan
konsultan
40

 Metoda pengumpulan informasi

secara formal
melalui system: e.g. SIM, laporan periodik
tanpa system

secara informal

41

Keputusan tentang informasi

Tentukan kebutuhan informasi
Tentukan cara memperoleh informasi
Ada cost guna memperoleh informasi, dana
dan energi

42

Permasalahan Informasi di
Indonesia
Kurang adanya Fokus dari informasi,
kurang spesifik
Adanya personalized rule of the game
Terbatasnya publikasi
Ketidak pastian dari hubungan sebab
-akibat

43

Struktur Industri dan Informasi

yang dibutuhkan

Monopoli, monopsony?
Oligopoli oligopsoni?
Persaingan
Dominasi tertentu?
Adanya special relation?

44

Issue
Siapa yang bertanggung jawab untuk
Monitoring?
Reliability dari informasi
Validity dari informasi
Check & Re-check Vs Bounded
Rationality!
Ketepatan dalam melakukan Reaksi,
ketepatan dalam melakukan Proaksi *****.
45

BUAT DAN MASUKKAN UNTUK PERTEMUAN

YG AKAN DATANG (ASSIGNMENTS)

1. INTERIM PAPER, berisi pointers dari

seluruh paper pada Major Paper
Digunakan sebagai bahan diskusi dalam kelas.
Format: Power Point, print out untuk dosen,
bentuk softwarenya untuk presentasi oleh
mahasiswa.
Bagi yang ditunjuk, harus mempresentasikan di
kelas.

2. MAJOR PAPER, dead line: 1 minggu

setelah masa ujian berakhir.
46

Aspek-aspek yang Mewarnai Paper Akhir

Anda
PILIH SATU INDUSTRI DI INDONESIA
YANG MENGALAMI PERUBAHAN
SIGNIFIKAN AKHIR-AKHIR INI (DALAM
2012 2016), misalnya karena harga minyak
bumi yang berubah drastis, kerja sama MEA,
peraturan pemerintah tt perdagangan ketahanan
pangan, kewajiban perusahaan untuk
melakukan kegiatan tertentu seperti
penggunaan komponen dalam negeri, dsb.
Latar belakang pemilihan industri ini adalah
agar Anda dapat menganalisis perubahan dan
forecast dengan lebih
jelas.
Dr. Harsono, M.Sc
47

 Bahasan Industri
Definisi yang jelas
Karakteristik pokok

Bahas aspek-aspek Ling.Bis, pilih yang

relevansinya tinggi.
Bahas dampaknya, saat lalu, sekarang, dan
mendatang (futurustik)
Jangan miskin data, growth, forecast (Futuristik)
Beri kesimpulan tentang dampaknya pada industri.
Decisions yang anda lakukan, bila anda seorang
manajer perusahaan tertentu tersebut.-48

Perhatikan : Paper Akhir Anda

Pilihan Industri Anda:
Definisi yang jelas
Karakteristik pokok

Setiap gambar, chart, atau tabel,harus diulas dan

ditunjukkan maknanya.
Presentasi gambar/ atau tabel, gunakan grafik
(menunjukkan trend)
Bahas aspek-aspek L.B, yang relevan
Jangan miskin data, growth, forecast
Futuristik
Beri kesimpulan industri
Decision, bila anda seorang manajer perusahaan
tertentu.-Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

49

FORMAT MAJOR PAPER Anda:

JUDUL ( nama industri,
bukan nama perusahaan)
Daftar
Daftar
Daftar
Daftar

Isi
Gambar
Tabel
Lampiran (bila ada)

Bab1: Pendahuluan
Bab 2: Deskripsi, Struktur dan Karakteristik Industri yg
dibahas
Bab 3: Aspek-aspek lingkungan: Note: pilih yang amat
relevan:
- Ekonomi
- Non-ekonomi (incl. Hukum, Etika, Social Respon
Note: bahasan futuristik.
50

Bab 3 - lanjutan

- Simpulan dari semua unsur terkait (past, prese

future). Apakah dampak aspek lingkungan terhad
kehidupan industri dan selanjutnya pada perusah
yang Anda bahas?

Bab 4: Keputusan perusahaan:

- Deskripsi perusahaan
- SWOT analysis (sebagai teknik dalam proses me
ngambil keputusan)
- Industry Analysis (5 competitive forces) (dalam
proses membuat keputusan)
-- Posisi perusahaan dalam industri
-Keputusan strategik, terkait dengan keadaan
perusahaan dan industri; serta SIMPULAN darianalisis unsur-unsur terkait (ref. bab 3)
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Bab 5: Simpulan (dari keseluruhan analisis)

dan Saran
(terkait dengan pokok-pokok penting
(critical
factors) dalam lingkungan industri dan
perusahaan
yang dibahas.
______
Lampiran:

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RERANGKA
ISI SELURUH PAPER
KARAKTERISTIK INDUSTRI
PILIH DAN BAHAS MENDALAM, BEBERAPA
FAKTOR ENVIRONMENT YANG RELEVAN:
PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
BAHAS DAMPAK MASING-MASING FAKTOR
TERHJADAP INDUSTRI
BAHAS DAMPAK MSING-MASING FAKTOR ENVIRONMENT TERHADAP PERUSAHAAN (I.E. YANG
ANDA PILIH DAN BAHAS)
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SIMPULKAN KEADAAN DARI DAMPAK KESELURUHAN ASPEK YG DIBAHAS TERHADAP PERUSAHAAN

DALAM PROSES MEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN, BISA
MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK 5-FORCES DAN
SWOT DAN BERPEDOMAN PADA VISI DAN
MISI PERUSAHAAN TERTENTU
ISI KEPUTUSAN ANDA PRIBADI, SEBAGAI PEMIMPIN PERUSAHAAN DALAM MENGHADAPI ASPEKASPEK LINGKUNGAN MENDATANG.
=====

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Sekali lagi: Perhatikan

Pilihan Industri
Definisi yang jelas
Karakteristik pokok

Bahas aspek-aspek L.B, yang relevan

Jangan miskin data, growth, forecast (bentuk tabel
dan grafik)
Futuristik, whats your assessment?
Beri kesimpulan industri (past, present, future).
Prospek industri dan lingkungannya?
Decision, bila anda seorang manajer perusahaan
tertentu.-Dr. Harsono, M.Sc

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