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INDUSTRIES
F.Y.M.TECH.- SEM II
INSTITUTE ELECTIVE
What is an Incident?
Unplanned and unwanted event which disrupts the work process
and has the potential of resulting in injury, harm, or damage to
persons or property.
An incident disrupts the work process, does not result in injury
or damage, but should be looked as a wake up call.
Incidents represent situations which have the potential to cause
harm to a person or damage equipment or property.
It can be thought of as the first of a series of events which could
lead to a situation in which harm or damage occurs.
Employers should investigate an incident to determine the root
cause and use the information to stop process and behaviors that
could just as easily have resulted in an accident.
Example of an incident: A 50 lb box falls off the top shelf of a 12 high rack
and lands near a worker. This event is unplanned, unwanted, and has the
potential for injury.
Accidents..
Accidents are incidents which occur and result in
harm to a person or damage to equipment or property.
Examples might include:
Trips or falls causing injury.
Explosion of a pressurized vessel
Chemical spills (e.g. a dropped bottle).
Injuries occurring while machining.
Activities or equipment failure causing fire or
property damage.
Industrial Accidents
Industrial Accidents are caused by chemical, mechanical, civil,
electrical, or other process failures due to accident, negligence
or incompetence, in an industrial plant which may spill over to
the areas outside the plant causing damage to life and property.
These may originate in:
Manufacturing and formulation installations including during
commissioning and process operations; maintenance and
disposal.
Material handling and storage in manufacturing facilities, and
isolated storages; warehouses and godowns including tank farms
in ports and docks and fuel depots.
Transportation (road, rail, air, water, and pipelines).
Types of Accidents
A) According to Length of Recovery:
I)First Aid Accidents
Here these worker receives first aid at plant
hospital and then return to the job.
Types
A) According to the Nature of Injury
I) Fatal Accidents :it includes the accidents
that could result in the death of the injured
worker. The death could occur on the spot
due to the unbearable injuries.
II) Temporary Disablement: accident that
reduces the earning capacity of an employee
when he engaged in the injury. But once he
got ok he start work again.
III) Permanent Disablement: an accident that
completely reduces the earning capacity of
an employee..!!!!
Category of Accidents
There Are FOUR Category of Accidents..
1) Minor Accidents
2) Reportable Accidents
3) Fatal Accidents
4) Accidents due to Dangerous Occurrence
Minor Accidents
It includes all those accidents that are :
Less harmful in nature to the worker
Preventing employees from working for the
period less than 48 hours from the time of
accidents.
These accidents are not reported to the higher
management.
These accidents are easily controlled.
Reportable Accidents
It includes the category of accidents
which is little complicated then of
minor accidents.
Here the injuries caused to the worker
prevent him from working for the
period of 48 hours or more.
Here supervisor is responsible to
report to the higher management and
arrange another worker so that the
production could not be affected.
Major Accident
Causes of Accidents
As we know that an accidents is an unplanned
activity and hence an accidents dont have any
specific cause to occur, the causes of accident
vary from situation to situation.
In general sense an accident may be cause due
to
I.
Technical cause
Causes of Accidents
MECHANICAL FACTORS
The mechanical factors includes:
Unsafe mechanical design and construction,
Hazardous arrangement,
Improper machine guarding,
defective device,
improper material handling,
leaking
ENVIRONEMENTAL FACTORS
The environmental factors includes:
Too low & too high temp to cause shivering & sweating
respectively,
too high humidity to cause fatigue and drowsiness,
defective illumination,
inadequate rest,
poor housekeeping,
noise, bad odor and flash coming from nearby machinery,
equipment or process etc
Personal Factors
It includes
Age
Health
Lack of knowledge & skill
Improper attitudes towards work.
Emotional in stability such as jealousy.
Mental worries
Non use of safety device
Working and unsafe speed.
Improper use of tools.
Causes of Accidents
Causes of accidents can be divided into three major categories:
Unsafe acts of people;
Unsafe physical or mechanical conditions; and,
Acts of nature (floods, hurricanes, etc.).
According to National Safety Council statistics, 88% of all
accidents are a result of unsafe acts of people.
Approximately 10% of all accidents are caused by unsafe
equipment or unsafe surroundings.
The other 2% of all accidents are caused by acts of nature.
Therefore, elimination of unsafe acts of people will be the main
thrust of any effective safety program.
Hazards/Danger
Observable or predicted from knowledge
Risk
Not directly observable - probability of harm to system elements
being realised from exposure to hazards and danger.
Harm
Damage to system elements - long or short term
Accidents
SEP
Key elements of SEP :
Purpose and objectives;
Step-by-step procedures;
List of identified equipment used;
Checklist, signage, tags or stickers;
Inspection and auditing frequency;
Indicators that track the implementation; and
Rewards/penalties for safe work performance.