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Automation is the use of control

systems and information technologies
to reduce the need for human work in
the production of goods and services.
In the scope of industrialization,
automation is a step beyond
mechanization.
Whereas mechanization provided
human operators with machinery to
assist them with the muscular
requirements of work, automation
greatly decreases the need for human
sensory and mental requirements as
well.

i
v
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n
o

s
ic

avionics are electronic

systems used on aircraft,
artificial satellites and
spacecraft
avionic systems include
communications,
navigation, the display
and management of
multiple systems and the
hundreds of systems that
are fitted on the aircraft
to meet individual roles

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a
The cockpit of an aircraft

is a major location for

avionic equipment,
including control,
monitoring,
communication,
navigation, weather, and
anti-collision systems.

at
i
ns

ic
un

Co
m
m

connect the flight deck to

the ground and the flight

deck to the passengers
on-board communications
are provided by public
address systems and
aircraft intercoms
VHF is used for line of
sight communication
such as aircraft-to-aircraft
and aircraft-to-ATC

a
N

i
v

a
g

i
t

n
o

determination of position

and direction on or above

the surface of the Earth
avionics can use satellitebased systems (GPS and
WAAS) or ground-based
systems ( VOR or LORAN)
older avionics required a
pilot or navigator to plot the
intersection of signals on a
paper map to determine an
aircraft's location
modern systems calculate
the position automatically
and display it to the flight
crew on moving map
displays

t
h

g s
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t te
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a ys
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airplanes and helicopters

have means of automatically

controlling flight
reduce pilot workload at
important times (landing,
hover) and make these
actions safer by removing
pilot error
the first simple auto-pilots
were used to control heading
and altitude and had limited
authority on things like thrust
and flight control surfaces
the advent of fly by wire and
electro-actuated flight
surfaces has increased safety

m
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ui

de

whether a guided missile

uses a targeting system,

a guidance system or
both, it needs a flight
system
the flight system uses
the data from the
targeting or guidance
system to maneuver the
missile in flight, allowing
it to counter inaccuracies
in the missile or to follow
a moving target

s
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Co

n
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e
c
n
s supplement air traffic
To
a
d em
i
control, most large
o
t
v ys
a
transport aircraft and
s

many smaller ones use a

TCAS (Traffic Alert &
Collision Avoidance
System), which can
detect the location of
nearby aircraft, and
provide instructions for
avoiding a midair
collision.

r
e

h s
t
a
e em Weather systems such
W st
as weather radar and
y
s
lightning detectors are
important for aircraft
flying at night or in
instrument
meteorological
conditions, where it is
not possible for pilots to
see the weather ahead.

t
n
e
m
s
e
m
g te Health and Usage
a
n ys
a
s
m
Monitoring Systems
t
f
ra
(HUMS) are integrated in
aircraft management
computers to give
maintainers early
warnings of parts that
will need replacement.

is

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l
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t
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a
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t ioMilitary aircraft have
r
o av been designed either to
n

deliver a weapon or to
be the eyes and ears of
other weapon systems.
The vast array of
sensors available to the
military is used for
whatever tactical means
required.

d
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P

r
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o
r
d

the air vehicle and sensors

are controlled from the

ground station via a C-band
line-of-sight data link or a
Ku-band satellite data link
for beyond-line-of-sight
operations
equipped with Multi-spectral
Targeting System, live
camera
all later Predators are
equipped with a laser
designator that allows the
pilot to identify targets for
other aircraft and even
provide the laser-guidance
for manned aircraft

l
E

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i electro-optic systems
t
p
include devices such as
O
the Head-Up Display,
o
Forward Looking Infrared,
tr

and Passive Infrared

Devices
these are all used to
provide imagery and
information to the flight
crew used for everything
from navigational aids,
Search and Rescue, and
target acquisition

M
S
E

S
A
/D

Electronic support
measures and defensive
aids are used
extensively to gather
information about
possible threat.
they can be used to
launch devices (in
some cases
automatically) to
counter direct threats
against the aircraft

s
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c
http://en.wikipedia.org
n
e
/wiki/Aeronautics
r
e
f
http://en.wikipedia.org
e

R
/wiki/Avionics
http://en.wikipedia.org

/wiki/Guided_missile
http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Fly-by-wire
http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Predator_drone