Object-Oriented Programming

Lecture-1 [OOP Basics]

OOP Concepts
What
What
What
What

is
is
is
is

an object?
a Class?
Inheritance?
an Interface?

Object Oriented Programming

OOP Concepts

Object Oriented Programming

What is an object?
Look

around you and identify some objects

Real world objects share two characteristics

They all have state

They all have behavior

Identifying

the state and behavior for real-world objects is a

great way to begin thinking in terms of object-oriented
programming
Two Questions

What possible states can this object be in?

What possible behavior can this object perform?
Write down your observation

Real

world objects vary in complexity (Radio, Table Lamp)

Objects may contain other objects
These real world observations all translate into object oriented
programming
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Object Oriented Programming

What is an object? (Contd.)

Software objects are conceptually similar

to real world objects: they too consist of
state and related behavior
An object store its state in fields and
exposes its behavior through methods
Methods operate on objects internal state
and serve as the primary mechanism for
object-to-object communication
Hiding internal state and requiring all
interaction through an objects method is
known as data encapsulation - a
fundamental principle of OOP

Object Oriented Programming

What is an object? (Contd.)

Bicycle - By attributing state and

providing methods for changing that
state, the object remains in control of how
the outside world is allowed to use it. For
example, if the bicycle only has 6 gears, a
method to change gears could reject any
value that is less than 1 or greater than 6.
Benefits of building code into
individual software objects
Modularity
Information-hiding
Code re-use
Plug-ability and debugging ease

Object Oriented Programming

What is a Class?

A class is a blueprint or prototype from which objects

are created
A class defines the general nature of a collection of
objects of the same type
The process creating an object from a class is called
instantiation
Every object is an instance of a particular class.
There can be many instances of objects from the same
class possible with different values for data

Object Oriented Programming

Example
objects

Object
References

redRose

class Rose
blueRose

class
Object Oriented Programming

What is Inheritance?
Different kinds of objects have a certain amount in

common with each other

For example mountain bikes, road bikes, and tandem
Bikes all share the characteristics of bicycles (current
speed, current pedal cadence, current gear)
Yet each also defines additional features that make them
different: tandem bicycles have two seats and two sets
of handlebars; road bikes have drop handlebars etc
Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit
commonly used state and behaviour from other classes

Object Oriented Programming

What is Inheritance?

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Object Oriented Programming

What is a Interface?
Objects define their interaction with the

outside world through the methods that

they expose
Methods form the object's interface with
the outside world
The buttons on the front of your television
set, for example, are the interface between
you and the electrical wiring on the other
side of its plastic casing. You press the
"power" button to turn the television on and
off
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Object Oriented Programming

Questions
Real-world objects containstate
behaviour
_____ and
________
A software object's state is stored in itsfields
_____
A software object's behaviour is exposed through

_______
methods
Hiding internal data from the outside world, and

accessing it only through publicly exposed

methods is known
as data ___________
encapsulation
A blueprint for a software object is called aclass
____
Common behaviour can be defined in a sub-class
_________ and inherited
into a _______
super-class
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Object Oriented Programming

THANK YOU
1.

The material presented in these slides is used only for academic

purpose

2.

Copyright Oracle Sun Microsystems

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Object Oriented Programming