FOUNDATION PHYSICS I

PHY 094

CHAPTER 3: Vectors and Two

Dimensional Motion

MAS FIZA BT MUSTAFA

mfiza@salam.uitm.edu.my
03-8924 5536
013-7133158
Bangunan Pentadbiran, Aras 8, Bilik
C04/0

Learning Outcome
At the end of this session, students should be able
to:
Describe projectile motion in two dimensions
graphically
Apply the two dimensional kinematic equations to
motion with constant acceleration.

Units of Chapter Three

3.4

Motion in Two Dimensions

3.4: Motion in Two Dimensions

Projectile Motion
An object may move in both the x and y directions
simultaneously
It moves in two dimensions

The form of two dimensional motion we will deal with

is an important special case called projectile motion

4
Section 3.4

Assumptions of Projectile Motion

We may ignore air friction
We may ignore the rotation of the earth
With these assumptions, an object in projectile
motion will follow a parabolic path

Section 3.4

Rules of Projectile Motion

The x- and y-directions of motion are

completely independent of each other
The x-direction is uniform motion
ax = 0

The y-direction is free fall

ay = -g

The initial velocity can be broken down

into its x- and y-components

Section 3.4

Projectile Motion: Graphical view

Section 3.4

Projectile Motion at Various Initial Angles

Complementary
values of the
initial angle
result in the
same range
The heights will
be different

The maximum
range occurs at a
projection angle
of 45o
Section 3.4

Some Details About the Rules

x-direction
ax = 0
vx = vox = vo cos = Constant
x = voxt
This is the only operative equation in the x-direction since
there is uniform velocity in that direction

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Section 3.4

More Details About the Rules

y-direction

Vy = voy+ ayt
Free fall problem
ay = -g = -9.81 m/s2

Take the positive direction as upward

Uniformly accelerated motion, so the motion
equations all hold

Section 3.4

Velocity of the Projectile

The velocity of the projectile at any point of its
motion is the vector sum of its x and y
components at that point

Remember to be careful about the angles quadrant

Section 3.4

Projectile Motion Summary

Provided air resistance is negligible, the horizontal
component of the velocity remains constant
Since ax = 0

The vertical component of the acceleration is

equal to the free fall acceleration g
The acceleration in the y-direction is not zero at the
top of the projectiles trajectory

Section 3.4

Some Variations of Projectile Motion

Projectile Motion: Basic Equations
Zero Launch Angle
General Launch Angle
Projectile Motion: Key Characteristics

13
Section 3.4

Projectile Motion: Basic Equations-2 Dimensions

Example 3.4a

t?
x?
?
Section 3.4

14

Projectile Motion: Basic Equations-2 Dimensions

Solution:Example 3.4a cont
Note that the eagle moves with a
constant speed, thus there is no
acceleration in x and y direction.

In 2D,
moving
downwar
d will be
negative

Section 3.4

Example 3.4b

Section 3.4

Example 3.4b cont

Section 3.4

Lets take a break for a

minute

18

Zero Launch Angle

An object may be fired
horizontally
The initial velocity is all
in the x-direction

vo = vx and vy =
0
All the general rules of
projectile motion apply

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Section 3.4

Zero Launch Angle

Example 3.4c
An Alaskan rescue plane drops a package of emergency rations to
stranded hikers as shown below. The plane is travelling horizontally
at 40.0 m/s at a height of 1.00 x 102 m above the ground.
a)Where does the package strike the ground relative to the point at
which it was released?
b)What are the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of
the package just before it hits the ground?
c)Find the angle of the impact.

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Section 3.4

Example 3.4c cont

Calculatio
n:

When the packages are dropped down, the acceleration of the

packages are dependent on the gravity, g (the package will not
accelerates by itself!!)

Take out all info

The plane moves horizontally so
there is no initial velocity in ydirection
negative sign indicates that the
packages are falling downward
Remember, if an object moves in parabolic motion, and
the object cannot accelerates while it is in the air, the
objects acceleration will depends on the gravity only
(and gravity will never be in horizontal direction !!)

Section 3.4

a)Where does the package strike the ground relative to the point at
which it was released?
Need to find t, in order to
solve for x

b) What are the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of the
package just before it hits the ground?
ax = 0 m/s2

Section 3.4

ay = -9.81 m/s2

c) Find the angle of the impact.

y

Section 3.4

Zero Launch Angle

Example 3.4d

Section 3.4

Example 3.4d cont

From the
ground

Section 3.4

From the
ground

Example 3.4d cont

ax = 0 m/s2

ay = -9.81 m/s2

speed

Section 3.4

Zero Launch Angle

Exercise 3.4a
A tiger leaps horizontally from a 7.5m high rock with a speed of 3.2
m/s. How far from the base of the rock will she land?

Section 3.4

Zero Launch Angle

Exercise 3.4b
A ball is thrown horizontally from the roof of the building 9.0 m tall and
lands 9.5 m from the base. What was the balls initial speed?

28
Section 3.4

Lets take a break for a

minute
Section 3.4

29

General Launch Angle

Follow the general
rules for projectile
motion
Break the y-direction
into parts
up and down
symmetrical back to
initial height and then
the rest of the height

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Section 3.4

General Launch Angle

Exercise 3.4c
A ball is thrown from the ground so that its initial vertical and
horizontal components of velocity are 40 m/s and 20 m/s,
respectively. Find the balls total time of flight and the distance it
traverses before hitting the ground.
Since the ball fall back
to the ground (same
level as the starting
point) so, y= 0

Starting point will

always be the origin,
yo=0, xo =0

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Section 3.4

Space for solution:

32
Section 3.4

General Launch Angle

Exercise 3.4d

33
Section 3.4

Space for solution:

34
Section 3.4

Dont
watch
the
clock;
do what
it does.
Keep
going

35
To be continue..

General Launch Angle

Exercise 3.4e
A ball is thrown upward from the top of a building at an angle of 30.0 o
to the horizontal and with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s as in Figure
below. The point of release is 45.0 m above the ground.
a)How long does it take for the ball to hit the ground?
b)Find the balls speed at impact.
c)Find the horizontal range of the stone. Neglect air resistance.

Section 3.4

Space for solution:

37
Section 3.4

General Launch Angle

Exercise 3.4f
A 2.347 m tall basketball player thrown a ball upward at an angle of
62.0o to the horizontal and with an initial speed of 17.0 m/s as in
Figure below. The ball was then reach the net of height 3.048m from
the floor.
a)How long does it take for the ball to get into the net?
b)Find the balls speed at impact.
c)Find the horizontal range (horizontal distance) of the ball. Neglect
air resistance.

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Section 3.4

Space for solution:

39
Section 3.4

Special Equations
The range is a maximum when = 45:

Rmax

Section 3.4

v0 2

Summary of Projectile Motion

Two Dimensional
Kinematics
(CHAPTER 3)

Projectile
Motion

Motion in 2D

Zero Launch
Angle

Section 3.4

General
Launch Angle

Build Your
Own
Dreams, or
Someone
else will
Hire You to
Build Theirs
~Farrah Gray~

To be continue..

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