Special Programme for Strengthening SPS

Facilities and Quality Inspection Services in

Compliance with WTO - Establishment of
An Integrated National Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection Service

[NAPHIS]

Presented by::
Mr. Itrat Rasool Malhi
Plant Specialist
Ministry of Food & Agriculture,
Government of Pakistan
28th March, 2011

Composition of Agriculture Sector in

Pakistan
GDP Share 21%

Livestock
Crops

(52%)
(45.4%)

Major ( wheat, cotton, sugarcane, rice)

(34.0%)
Minor ( pulses , fruits & vegetables ,oil seeds) (11.4%)

Forestry

* Source: Agricultural Statistics (2009)

(1.0%)

Pakistans Agricultural Profile:

Minor crops including horticulture commodities

contribute 12% of the countries agricultural GDP.

Area under Production:

Area Hectares

Quantity (Tons 000)

All Vegetables

252.9

3213.9

All Fruits

857.1

7051.5

Export of Fruit and Vegetables

Quantity
(000 Tons)

Value
(Rs. in Million)

Fruit and Vegetable

Juices

15.6

1254.5

Fruit

465.9

12313.6

Vegetables

424.8

5785.3

Quality Issues
Non-Compliance with Food Safety / Quality Standards in Trade.

Frequent rejections of agro based export

consignments resulting into huge loses of foreign
exchange
earnings.
Imposition of ban on exports due to non compliance of
SPS standards.

Lack of SPS management capacity.

Acts/laws/quality standards outdated.

inadequate SPS management /inspection and quality

certification system.

Central Problem

Non compliant products are consigned to

markets due to a systematic failure of SPS management
system.

CONFISCATION OF PAKISTANS EXPORT CONSIGNMENTS BY EU

Importing Country

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-2010

2010-11
Up to Feb., 2011

Total

UK

20

60

Greece

22

Italy

14

Lithuania

13

13

Germany

11

Spain

Norway

Poland

Netherlands

10

France

11

Sweden

12

Belgium

13

Austria

14

Denmark

15

Switzerland

16

Taiwan

17

UAE

18

USA

1
Total:

17

11

22

42

14

24

21

151

CONFISCATION OF EXPORTS BY TYPE OF

CONTAMINATION (EU)
Contamination

Confiscated
Consignment

Export Consignments

No.

%
Share

i.

Curry Powder, Red Chilli, Spicy

Peanuts, Nuts, Sweet Almond
Kernels, Basmati Rice, Peanut
Snacks, Peanuts, Peanuts Brittle,
Halwa, Almond.

Biological
Hazards
Mycotoxins- Aflatoxin

73

48%

ii.

Biriani Spices, Masala Mix, Achar

Masala Spices, Imlee Sauce,
Vegetables Chilli, Spicy Mixture of
meat in Rice, Red Chilli Powder,
Haldi, Pickled Garlic, Tandoori
Masala Mix, Nihari Masala Mix.
Mangos, Mango beverages.

Biological hazards Bacterial

and
parasitic)
Enterobacteriaceae & Bacillus
cereus, Salmonella Edinburg,
Moulds in Almonds, Unsuitable
Organoleptic
Infestation
of
Insects and Larvae of Insects,
Fruit fly triazophos.

14

09 %

iii.

Chilli Pickle, Canned Vegetables,

Bitter Apricot, Carrot, Kernels
(Wild)
Sesamic Seeds, Chilli
Powder, Almonds, Broken Brown
Rice, Shrimps, Sheep casing Rice,
Rice spices mix, curry masala,
dried morels, sweets and mango
squash, sweet fennel seeds.

Chemical hazards (Food

adhesive (acids, colour and
Toxin) Erucic Acid, Hydrocyanic
Acid, E-210, Benzoic Acid, Colour
Sudan 1,3,4 & colour E-110, 102,
129 ,lead sulphite, tetrazine,
Rhoda-mine-B,
orange
II,
Chloramphenicol, Quinolones

64

41 %

Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement

The agreement on application of SPS measures sets out the basic

rules for food safety and animal and plant health standards.
It allows countries to set their own standards which must be
based on science.
They should be applied only to the extent necessary to protect
human, animal or plant health or life.

They should not be arbitrary or unjustifiably discriminated

between countries.

Member countries are encouraged to use international

standards, guidelines and recommendation, where they
exists.

Basic aim of SPS agreement is to maintain sovereign right of any

government to protect the level of health.

International Standards

SPS agreement encourages government to establish

national SPS measure consistent with
international
standards, guidelines and recommendations process
with
harmonization.

WTO itself does not and will not develop

standards, however, most WTO member governments
participate in development of
standards by
international bodies.
Harmonization of Standards are based on:
Codex Alimentarius Commission, OIE and IPPC.
Import and Export Inspection and Certification System:

The guidelines include application of standards

in international trade regulatory measures by
government to protect consumers against food
borne hazards.

Existing Legal Frameworks of NAPHIS Line

Departments
S.
No.

Name of Legislation

Administering
Department

1.

The Pakistan Animal Quarantine

(Import and Export of Animal and
Animal Products) Ordinance, 1978
(XLIX of 1979)

AQD

2.

The Pakistan Plant Quarantine Act,

1976 (LXXV of 1976)

DPP

3.

The Agricultural Produce (Grading

and Marking ) Act, 1937 (I of 1937)

DALPMG

4.

The Seed Act, 1976 (XXIX of 1976)

FSC & RD

5.

The Pakistan Fish Inspection and Quality

Control Act, 1997 (XXXV of 1997)

MFD

6.

The Exclusive Fisheries Zone (Regulation

and Fishing) Act, 1975 (XXXII of 1975)

MFD

7.

No law.

NVL

8.

No law.

GQTL

SPS Conditions in Horticulture Products

Pesticide residue contamination at an alarming level.

Concern of fruit fly.

Spray frequency is co-related with market prices of the

commodities.

Recommended harvest intervals are mostly ignored.

Storage conditions in adequate giving rise to high

aflatoxin.

Standards of quality not applied.

level of

NAPHIS Vision
MINFA

has initiated a project namely; Special

Programme for Strengthening SPS facilities and Quality
Inspection Services in compliance with WTO.

To establish NAPHIS as an internationally accepted

agency to regulate SPS/TBT issues in Pakistan.

NAPHIS - FACE TO SPS ISSUES

Institutionalize NAPHIS as a permanent Regulatory

Body dealing with all aspects of SPS / TBT issues.

Strengthen SPS Management Capacity through

NAPHIS to Regulate Food Safety and
agricultural
related issues associated with imports.

Ensure coordination between various departts and

remove resource and scientific & infrastructural
constraints.

Monitor / evaluate workings of affiliated line

departments.

Project Executing Components / Related Bodies

GQTL

DPP NVL

MINFA

AQD

NAPHIS

FSC & RD
Other Related Agencies:

MFD
DALPMG

(a) Local: MOC, MOH, MLDD/LDDB, Provincial Departts / PNAC , PSQCA etc.
(b) Foreign: Codex Alimentarius Commission, FAO, WHO, APHIS / USDA,
UNIDO, WTO and Foreign Trading Partners.
(c) Technical Organization Support: Afghan Pak US Trilateral
Consultations.

Overlapping in Administration of SPS/TBT

Issues
SPS/TBT Related Agencies
GOP

MOST

PNAC

MOC

PSQCA

PHDEC

MOH

Provinces

DAH

MINFA

PFL

WAY FORWARD
General Requirements for SPS Controls:

Legislation (institutional, powers, technical conditions).

Competent authority organizational structure.

Human resource, risk management, risk assessment

or technical inspection skills.

Testing and reference laboratories.

Implementation (resources, political will).

Specific Requirements for SPS Control

Control of plant health requirements (pest monitoring,

reporting, control measures or plant quarantine,
certification.

Control system for plant protection (pesticides,

establishing residue levels or residue monitoring.

Control of post harvest, storage and processing

conditions (risk assessment, inspection).

Implementation of Trade Policy Initiatives.

Trade Policy 2008-09 under export quality and

standards directed
that a system of voluntary preshipment inspection and
sampling of agro-based
products for exports to be introduced. Ministry of
Commerce in consultations with Ministry
of Food
& Agriculture (MinFA) and Ministry of Science and
Technology (MoST) notify concerned products and
accredited labs.

Trade Policy 2009-10 decision on PakGAP standards

initially for 5 major horticulture items may be worked
out by MoST in consultation with MinFA and
implemented by MinFA in collaboration with Pakistan
Horticulture Development and
Export Company
(PHDEC).

Revival of system of grading and quality certification

of agricultural products under Agricultural
Produce (Grading & Marking) Act to be revised.

Establishment of NAPHIS as a sole regulatory

body for food safety, plant and animal health and SPS
management.

Introduction of quality certification by PSQCA of

all processed food and food products meant for
export / import by Pakistan Standards and Quality
Control Authority (PSQCA).