Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presented By:
Narendra.k.mupparaju
TIMBER:
The wood which is
suitable or fit for
engineering construction
or engineering purpose
is called timber.
WOOD:
The organic matter
obtained from trees is
called wood.
LUMBER:
The sawed wood meant
for construction in the
form of boards is called
lumber.
Structure of a Tree
TYPES OF TREES:
Trees are classified into two
groups depending upon
growth pattern.
(1) Endogenous trees:
The trees which grow inwards
in longitudinal fibrous mass
are called endogenous trees.
Conifers or Evergreen:
They give soft wood.
They have pointed leaves.
Examples:
Deodar
Pine
Chir
Kail,etc
Deciduous:
These have hard wood.
These have broad leaves.
Examples:
Teak
Sal
Shisham, etc.
SEASONING OF TIMBER:
As fresh timber which is obtained
from trees contains about 30 to 40
% sap or moisture. This sap is very
harmful for the life of a timber.
Therefore, it is necessary to remove
that sap by applying some special
methods. All those methods which
are used for removing the sap from
timber are collectively termed as
seasoning of timber.
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Developed by:G.S.Solangi
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Kiln Seasoning
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Electric Seasoning
Developed by:G.S.Solangi
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USES OF TIMEBR:
Timber is used in:
1.Building construction,
2.Construction of house posts,
3.Construction of beams,
4.Construction of rafters,
5.Construction of bridges,
6.Construction of piles, poles and
railway sleepers,
Continued-------Prepared by:G.S.Solangi
VENEER:
Thin sheet of uniform thickness of
wood is called veneer.
PLYWOOD:
Veneers used for making plywood are
known as plies and ply wood is made
by gluing together plies in odd
numbers. Gluing is done under
pressure.
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DEFECTS IN TIMBER:
Most common defects in timber are:
1. Heart Shakes
2. Star Shakes
3. Cup Shakes
4. Radial Shakes
5. Rind Galls
6. Wind Cracks
7. Knots
8. Dead Wood
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Heart Shakes
Medullary Rays:
These are thin horizontal veins
radiating from the pith to wards the
bark. These carry sap from outer side
to inner side.
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Cup Shakes
Radial Shakes
Radial Shakes
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Rind Galls
Rind Galls
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Wind Cracks
(7) Knots:
These are the roots of the small
branches of the tree. These are not
harmful.
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Knots
(8) Dead
Wood:
It is the deficient in strength
and weight and is the result
of trees being felled after
maturity.
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Dead Wood
DETERIORATION OF
TIMBER
(OR)
DECAY OF TIMBER:
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DETERIORATION OF TIMBER
(OR)
DECAY OF TIMBER:
There are so many agencies which
may cause decay of timber. But there
are three main harmful agencies
which cause timber decay.
(2) Insects:
There are so many insects which
attack the wood, out of them
termites (white ants) are the main
insects which are very dangerous
for timber. Termites of one class
live under ground and eat wood
and forms tubes or tunnels inside
it.
(3) Fire:
Fire is also the damaging
factor for timber. As timber
has tendency to burn, so fire
can damage it easily.
PRESERVATION
OF
TIMBER
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TIMBER PRESERVATIVES:
There are three main classes of timber
preservatives.
(1) Oily substances insoluble in water
(2) Water soluble salts
METHODS OF APPLYING
PRESERVATIVES:
Before applying preservatives, the
timber should be completely seasoned.
There are some important methods of
applying timber preservatives which are
given below.
1.Painting and dipping method
2.Pressure process or full cell process
3.Empty cell process
Thankyou
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