Huawei WCDMA CAC Algorithm v1.0

WCDMA Admission
Control Algorithm
and Parameters
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. CAC (Call Admission Control)
1.1 CAC Overview
1.2 CAC Based on Code Resource
1.3 CAC Based on Power Resource
1.4 CAC Based on NodeB Credit Resource
1.5 CAC Based on Iub Resource
1.6 CAC Based on the Number of HSPA Users

Page3
Why We Need CAC?
WCDMA is an interference limited system, after a

new service is admitted, the system load will be
increased
If a cell is high loaded, a new service will affect the

QoS of ongoing user, even result in call drop
CAC is used to determine whether the system

resources are sufficient to accept a new user's
access request or not

Page4
CAC Procedure

Page5
CAC Algorithm Switches
Power CAC
Uplink CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_SECOND
Downlink CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_FIRST
NodeB credit CAC
CAC algorithm switch: ON
Cell CAC algorithm switch-CRD_ADCTRL: ON
HSDPA user number CAC
Cell CAC algorithm switch-HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL: OFF
HSUPA user number CAC
Cell CAC algorithm switch-HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL: OFF

Page6
Contents
1.1 CAC Overview

Page7
CAC Based on Code Resource
Code resource CAC is involved in:
RRC connection setup
Handover
R99 services setup
RRC connection setup and handover have higher

priority

Page8
Parameter of CAC Based on Code

Resource
DlHoCeCodeResvSf
Parameter name: DL handover credit and code

reserved SF
Recommended value: SF32

Page9
Contents
1.1 CAC Overview

Page10
CAC Based on Power Resource
Power resource CAC is involved in:
Handover
Services setup

priority

Page11
Power CAC Procedure

Page12
Power CAC Algorithms
Algorithm 1: based on UL/DL load measurement and

load prediction (RTWP and TCP)
Algorithm 2: based on Equivalent Number of User

(ENU)
Algorithm 3: loose call admission control algorithm

Page13
Power CAC for RRC Connection

Setup
For the RRC Connection Setup Request for the reason of

emergency call, detach, or registration: Direct Admission
For the RRC connection setup request for other reasons:
When power-based admission is based on power (algorithm 1

and algorithm 3), the UL or DL OLC trigger threshold
(UlOlcTrigThd or DlOlcTrigThd) is used for admission.
When power-based admission is based on the ENU (algorithm
2), the admission decision is made as follows:
When UL_UU_OLC or DL_UU_OLC is set to 1, RRC connection

setup request is rejected when the cell is in the overload state. If
the cell is not in the overload state, the UL or DL OLC trigger
threshold is used for power-based admission.
When UL_UU_OLC or DL_UU_OLC is set to 0, the UL or DL OLC
trigger threshold is used for power-based admission.

Page14
Power-Based Admission Algorithm

1 for RAB Setup
Power-based admission decision based on algorithm 1

consists of uplink power-based admission decision and
downlink power-based admission decision procedures:
Uplink admission decision:
R99 cell
HSPA cell
Downlink admission decision:
R99 cell
HSPA cell

Page15
Algorithm 1 - Uplink for R99

Cell

Page16
Parameters of Power CAC
UlCCHLoadFactor
Parameter name: UL common channel load reserved

coefficient
Recommended value: 0, namely 0%
UlNonCtrlThdForHo/UlNonCtrlThdForAMR/UlNo
nCtrlThdForNonAMR/UlNonCtrlThdForOther
Parameter name: UL threshold of handover/Conv

AMR/Conv non_AMR/other service
Recommended value: 80%, 75%, 75%, 60%

Page17
Algorithm 1 - Uplink for HSPA

Cell
1. The RNC obtains the uplink RTWP of the cell and
calculates the current uplink load factor.
After the Received Scheduled E-DCH Power Share

(RSEPS) measurement is introduced, the UL RTWP is
divided into two parts:
Controllable part
Uncontrollable part

Page18

Cell
2. The RNC calculates the uplink load increment
UL based on the service request using Ec/N0 of

the GBR of the service, neighboring interference
factor, and AF of the service

Page19

Cell
3. The RNC determines whether to grant the UE
admission:
1).
2).
3).
4).
5).

Page20

Cell
3. The RNC determines whether to grant the UE admission:
The RNC admits the HSUPA scheduling services in either of the

following cases:
Formula 1, 2, or 3 is fulfilled.
Formula 4 is fulfilled.
The RNC admits the HSUPA non-scheduling services in either of

the following cases:
Formula 1, 2, or 3 is fulfilled.
Formulas 4 and 5 are fulfilled.
The RNC admits the DCH services when formulas 4 and 5 are
fulfilled
If the access request is rejected, the RNC performs the next step

Page21

Cell
4. The RNC checks whether the Control RTWP Anti
interference function switch (RsvdBit1

subparameter of the RsvdPara1 parameter) is
enabled. If it is enabled, the RNC checks whether
the uplink equivalent user load proportion of the
cell is lower than 40%. If it is lower than 40%, the
RNC accepts the access request. Otherwise, the
RNC rejects the access request.

Page22
UlHsDpcchRsvdFactor
Parameter name: UL HS-DPCCH reserve factor
UlCellTotalThd
Parameter name: UL total power threshold

Page23

(Cont.)
HsupaLowPriorityUserPBRThd
HsupaEqualPriorityUserPBRThd
HsupaHighPriorityUserPBRThd
Parameter name: Low/Equal/High priority HSUPA user

PBR threshold
Recommended value: 100%, 100%, 100%

Page24
Algorithm 1 - Downlink for R99

Cell

Page25

(Cont.)
DlCCHLoadRsrvCoeff
Parameter name: DL common channel load reserved

coefficient
DlHOThd/DlConvAMRThd/DlConvNonAMRThd/Dl
OtherThd
Parameter name: DL threshold of handover/Conv

AMR/Conv non_AMR/other service
Recommended value: 85%, 80%, 80%, 75%

Page26
Algorithm 1 - Downlink for HSPA

Cell
1. The RNC calculates the downlink power

increment PDL for new service request
The power increment estimation for the DCH RAB in

the HSPA cell is similar to the DCH RAB in the R99 cell
The power increment estimation for HSDPA RAB P DL

is made on the basis of GBR, Ec/N0, non-orthogonal
factor, and so on

Page27

Cell

admission:
Admission Decision for DCH RAB in the Downlink:
1).
2).
3).

Page28

Cell

admission:
Admission Decision for DCH RAB in the Downlink:
If the current cell does not support DC-HSDPA, the RNC

admits the DCH RAB when either of the following
conditions is met:
Condition A: Formulas 1 and 2 are fulfilled
Condition B: Formulas 1 and 3 are fulfilled

Page29

Cell

admission:
Admission Decision for HSDPA RAB in the Downlink:
1).
2).
3).
4).
5).

Page30

Cell

admission:
Admission Decision for HSDPA RAB in the Downlink:
If the current cell does not support DC-HSDPA, the RNC

admits the HSDPA RAB when any of the following
conditions is met:
Condition C: Formula 1 (for streaming service) is fulfilled or
Formula 2 (for BE service) is fulfilled
Condition D: Formulas 3 and 4 are fulfilled
Condition E: Formulas 3 and 5 are fulfilled

Page31

(Cont.)
DlCellTotalThd
Parameter name: DL total power threshold
DlHSUPARsvdFactor
Parameter name: DL HSUPA reserved factor

Page32

(Cont.)
HsdpaStrmPBRThd
Parameter name: HSDPA streaming PBR threshold
HsdpaBePBRThd
Parameter name: HSDPA best effort PBR threshold

Page33

2 for RAB Setup
When the CAC function uses algorithm 2, the
admission of uplink/downlink power resources uses

the algorithm depending on the Equivalent Number
of Users (ENU)

Page34
Equivalent Number of Users
The 12.2 kbit/s AMR traffic is defined as one ENU.

Thus, the 12.2 kbit/s AMR traffic can be used to
calculate the ENU of all other services. The
calculation is related to the following factors:
Cell type, such as urban or suburban
Traffic domain, CS or PS
Coding type, turbo code or 1/2, 1/3 convolutional code
Traffic QoS, that is, Block Error Rate (BLER)

Page35
Power CAC Algorithm 2

Procedure
Admission request
ENU total ( N ) ENU i
Get current total ENU
i 1
Get the traffic characteristic, and

estimate the increment of ENU
ENU new
ENU total ( N 1) ENU total ( N ) ENU new
Calculate the predicted ENU
Smaller than the

threshold?
admitted
ENULoad ENU total ( N 1) / ENU max
rejected
End of UL/DL CAC

Page36

(Cont.)
UlTotalEqUserNum
Parameter name: UL total equivalent user number
Recommended value: 95
DlTotalEqUserNum
Parameter name: DL total equivalent user number

Page37

3 for RAB Setup
Algorithm 3 is similar to algorithm 1. The difference is

that the estimated load increment in algorithm 3 is
always set to 0
In accordance with the current cell load (uplink load

factor and downlink TCP), the RNC determines
whether the cell load will exceed the threshold, with
the estimated load increment set to 0. If yes, the RNC
rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the
request

Page38
Contents
1.1 CAC Overview

Page39
NodeB Credit
CE is used to measure the channel demodulation capability

of the NodeBs. On the RNC side, it is referred to the NodeB
credit. On the NodeB side, it is the Channel Element (CE)
The resource of one equivalent 12.2 kbit/s AMR voice

service, including 3.4 kbit/s signaling on DCCH, is defined
as one CE
There are two kinds of CE, that is, uplink CE supporting

uplink services and downlink CE supporting downlink
services. Therefore, one 12.2 kbit/s AMR voice service
consumes one uplink CE and one downlink CE

Page40
NodeB Credit CAC
NodeB credit CAC is involved in:
Handover
Services setup

priority

Page43
Parameter of NodeB Credit

CAC
UlHoCeResvSf
Parameter name: UL handover credit reserved SF
DlHoCeCodeResvSf
Parameter name: DL handover credit and code reserved

SF
HsupaCeConsumeSelection
Parameter name: HSUPA Credit Consume Type
Recommended value: MBR

Page44
Contents
1.1 CAC Overview

Page45
Iub Resource CAC
Iub overbooking
The Iub overbooking feature considers the statistic

multiplexing of service activities and multiple users
Through the admission of more users, Iub overbooking

increases the resource utilization on the Iub interface

Page46
Iub Resource CAC (Cont.)
Activity factor
RT services, including conversational and streaming

services, are admitted at the Maximum Bit Rate (MBR):
Admission bandwidth = MBR x activity factor
NRT services, including interactive and background

services, are admitted at the GBR:
Admission bandwidth = GBR x activity factor

Page47
Iub Resource CAC Procedure
For handover of a user, the following requirements apply:
Load of the path + Bandwidth required by the user < Total

configured bandwidth of the path
For a new user, the following requirements apply:

configured bandwidth of the path - Bandwidth reserved for
handover
For rate upsizing of a user, the following requirements

apply:

configured bandwidth of the path - Congestion threshold

Page48
Parameters of Iub Resource

CAC
FWDHORSVBW/BWDHORSVBW
Parameter name: Forward/Backward handover reserved

bandwidth
Recommended value: 0, namely 0Kbit/s
FWDCONGBW/BWDCONGBW
Parameter name: Forward/Backward congestion threshold
FWDCONGCLRBW/BWDCONGCLRBW
Parameter name: Forward/Backward congestion clear threshold

Page50
Contents
1.1 CAC Overview

Page51
HSPA User Number CAC
HSPA user number CAC is involved in:
Cell level
Maximum number of HSPA users in a cell
NodeB level
Maximum number of HSPA users in all the cells configured

in one NodeB

Page52
CAC of HSDPA Users
When HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL is set to 1, the HSDPA services have

to undergo admission decision based on the number of HSDPA
users.
When a new HSDPA service attempts to access the network, the

algorithm admits the service if the following conditions are met:
The number of HSDPA users in the cell does not exceed the
maximum value specified by MaxHsdpaUserNum.
The number of HSDPA users in the NodeB does not exceed the
maximum value specified by NodeBHsdpaMaxUserNum.
Otherwise, the HSDPA service is degraded to R99 service to

retry admission.

Page53
CAC of HSUPA Users
When HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL is set to 1, the HSUPA services have to

undergo admission decision based on the number of HSUPA users
When a new HSUPA service attempts to access the network, the

algorithm admits the service if the following conditions are met:
The number of the HSUPA users in the cell does not exceed the
maximum value specified by MaxHsupaUserNum.
The number of the HSUPA users in the NodeB does not exceed the
maximum value specified by NodeBHsupaMaxUserNum.
Otherwise, the HSUPA service is degraded to R99 service to retry

admission

Page54
Parameters of HSPA User Number

CAC
MaxHsdpaUserNum
Parameter name: Maximum HSDPA user number
NodeBHsdpaMaxUserNum
Parameter name: NodeB Max HSDPA User Number

Page55
Parameters of HSPA User Number

CAC (Cont.)
MaxHsupaUserNum
Parameter name: Maximum HSUPA user number
NodeBHsupaMaxUserNum
Parameter name: NodeB Max HSUPA User Number

Page56
Thank you
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Huawei WCDMA CAC Algorithm v1.0

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WCDMA Admission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Why We Need CAC?

WCDMA is an interference limited system, after a

If a cell is high loaded, a new service will affect the

CAC is used to determine whether the system

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CAC Algorithm Switches

Uplink CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_SECOND

Downlink CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_FIRST

NodeB credit CAC

CAC algorithm switch: ON

Cell CAC algorithm switch-CRD_ADCTRL: ON

HSDPA user number CAC

Cell CAC algorithm switch-HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL: OFF

HSUPA user number CAC

Cell CAC algorithm switch-HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL: OFF

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CAC Based on Code Resource

Code resource CAC is involved in:

RRC connection setup

R99 services setup

RRC connection setup and handover have higher

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parameter of CAC Based on Code

Parameter name: DL handover credit and code

Recommended value: SF32

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CAC Based on Power Resource

Power resource CAC is involved in:

RRC connection setup

RRC connection setup and handover have higher

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power CAC Procedure

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power CAC Algorithms

Algorithm 1: based on UL/DL load measurement and

Algorithm 2: based on Equivalent Number of User

Algorithm 3: loose call admission control algorithm

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power CAC for RRC Connection

For the RRC Connection Setup Request for the reason of

For the RRC connection setup request for other reasons:

When power-based admission is based on power (algorithm 1

When UL_UU_OLC or DL_UU_OLC is set to 1, RRC connection

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power-Based Admission Algorithm

Power-based admission decision based on algorithm 1

Uplink admission decision:

Downlink admission decision:

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Algorithm 1 - Uplink for R99

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parameters of Power CAC

Parameter name: UL common channel load reserved

Recommended value: 0, namely 0%

Parameter name: UL threshold of handover/Conv

Recommended value: 80%, 75%, 75%, 60%

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Algorithm 1 - Uplink for HSPA