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ADVANCED TRANSPORT
PROCESSES /
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
4. Momentum Transport
iii. Flow through annulus of circular tubes
Course Outcomes
CLO Explain the theoretical aspect of
1
momentum,
mass
and
energy
transport
CLO Apply
mathematical
and
numerical
2
methodology in analyzing momentum
transfer problem
CLO Apply
mathematical
and
numerical
3
methodology in analyzing heat transfer
problem
CLO Apply
mathematical
and
numerical
4
methodology in analyzing mass transfer
problem
CLO Analyze and solve transport phenomena
5
using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Semester May
2013
Lesson outcomes
11. Developing velocity profiles from momentum
shell balance of fluid flowing through circular
tubes. (cylindrical coordinates)
12. Deriving related flow parameters
Velocity ( maximum, average)
Mass flow rate
Force exerted by fluid on the tube wall
Problem
Newtonian liquid flows up through the circular annulus of a
tube length L due to pressure difference under laminar
condition. The radii of the outer and inner tube are R and R,
respectively. Assume that the velocity profile is fully
developed. Determine
i.
vr = v = 0
R
Boundary conditions
B.C.1 at r=R vz = 0
z
r
B.C.2 at r=R vz = 0
6
0
0
z = z +vvz =0
0
zz = p+zz +vzvz
1.
2.
Summary
rz = rz
zz = p+vzvz
z =0
7
rz |r
rz |r+r
L
r
z
r
zz |z=L
Rate of
momentum in
2rr zz
z 0
zz
zL
Rate of
momentum out
2L (r
rz r
) (rrz ) r r 2rrLg 0
0
(1)
zz z 0
zz
zL
r r r
rz
rz
r r
gr 0
(2)
zz z 0
zz
L
zL
rp
v z v z p L v z v z
p pL
r 0
r
L
L
9
(3)
lim
r 0
r r
rz
rz
r r
d ( r
dr
rz
d (r rz )
dr
(4)
( p0 g 0) ( pL gL)
g r
r
dr
L
L
d (r rz ) P0 PL
r
dr
L
where Pz p gz
(5)
10
P0 PL
C
r 1
2L
r
(6)
r
dr
2 L
r
(7)
( P0 PL ) 2 C1
r ln(r ) C2
4 L
(8)
11
( P0 PL ) 2 2 C1
R ln(R) C2
4 L
(9a)
( P0 PL ) 2 C1
R ln( R ) C2
4 L
(9b)
12
(10)
( P0 PL ) 2 ( P0 PL ) 2 1 2
C2
R
R
ln( R )
4L
4 L
ln(1 / k )
(11)
1 2 R
r
R 2 ln(1 / ) r
(12)
( P0 PL ) 2
1 2 R
r
vz
R 1
ln
4 L
ln(1 / ) r
R
(13)
13
)
r
2
1 2 R
ln
ln(1 / ) r
+
Surface of zero
momentum flux
( P0 PL ) 2
r
vz
R 1
4 L
R
Velocity
distribution
R
R
R
(P P )
rz 0 L R
2L
r
14
Shear stress or
momentum
flux
distribution
1 2 R
R
R 2 ln(1 / ) R
1 2 1
0
2 ln(1 / )
1 2
2
ln(1 / )
2
1 2
2 ln(1 / )
15
( P0 PL ) 2
1 2 R
R
R 1
ln
4 L
ln(1 / ) R
R
( P0 PL ) 2
1
R 1 2 22 ln
4L
Rearranging
v z ,max
( P0 PL ) 2
R 1 2 (1 ln 2 )
2 L
16
Total FlowVelocity
Total Flow Area
v 2rdr 2 v rdr
vz
R 2 (1 2 )
R
2
R (1 2 )
( P0 PL ) 2 R
r
R R 1
4 L
R
1 2
R
ln
rdr
ln(1 / ) r
R 2 (1 2 )
2
2
8L
1
ln(
1
/
k
)
17
(
P
P
)
1
2
2
2
0
L
w R (1 )
R
2
8L
1
ln(
1
/
k
)
Rearranging
( P0 PL ) R 4
w
8L
2 2
ln(1 / k )
18
19
Lesson outcomes
11. Developing velocity profiles from momentum
shell balance of fluid flowing through circular
tubes. (cylindrical coordinates)
12. Deriving related flow parameters
Velocity ( maximum, average)
Mass flow rate
Force exerted by fluid on the tube wall
20