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O que necessrio?
O esfigomanmetro de mercrio , sem dvida, o equipamento que proporciona
maior confiana e rigor na medio da presso arterial. Ele o padro contra o
qual todos os outros equipamentos, por mais sofisticados que sejam, devem ser
comparado. Dispe-se, hoje em dia, de equipamentos semi-automticos que,
desde que bem calibrados, podem tornar mais fcil a medio da presso
arterial.
Como medir?
Uma boa regra a de medir primeiro a presso
arterial sistlica pelo mtodo da palpao da artria
radial, no pulso. S depois se deve passar ao mtodo
auscultatrio, medindo a presso arterial sistlica
(apario dos sons) e a presso arterial diastlica
(desapario dos sons).
Valores de referncia
Sistlica
Homem
Sistlica
Homem
Diastlica
Homem
Diastlica
Homem
Sistlica
Sistlica
Diastlica
Diastlica
MUJER
MUJER
MUJER
MUJER
Idade
Normal
Alta
Normal
Alta
Normal
Alta
Normal
Alta
16-18
105-135
145
60-86
90
100-130
140
60-85
90
19-24
105-140
150
62-88
95
100-130
140
60-85
90
25-29
108-140
150
65-90
96
102-130
140
60-86
92
30-39
110-145
160
68-92
100
105-140
150
65-90
98
40-49
110-155
170
70-96
104
105-155
165
65-96
105
50-59
115-165
175
70-98
106
110-170
180
70-100
108
60...
115-170
190
70-100
110
115-175
190
70-100
110
Auscultao valvular
ECG
ECG
Behold: Einthoven's Triangle! Each of the 6 frontal plane leads has a negative and positive orientation
(as indicated by the '+' and '-' signs). It is important to recognize that Lead I (and to a lesser extent
Leads aVR and aVL) are right left in orientation. Also, Lead aVF (and to a lesser extent Leads II and
III) are superior inferior in orientation. The diagram below further illustrates the frontal plane
hookup.
Because ECG paper moves at a standardized 25mm/sec, the vertical lines can be used to measure
time. There is a 0.20 sec between 2 of the large lines. Therefore, if you count the number of heart
beats (QRS complexes) in between 30 large boxes (6 seconds) and multiply by 10, you have beats
per minute. Conveniently, ECG paper usually has special markings every 3 seconds so you don't
have to count 30 large boxes.
There is, however, an easier and quicker way to estimate the heart rate. As seen in the diagram
below, when QRS complexes are 1 box apart the rate is 300 bpm. 2 boxes apart...150 bpm, etc. So if
you memorize these simple numbers you can estimate the heart rate at a glance!
Infarto
Isquemia
ECG
Taquicardia
Bloqueio cardaco
Sndromes cardacas
Inflamao/fibrose cardaca
Pericardites
Onda P
Onda P
DIR
ESQ
Intervalo PR
Complexo QRS
Segmento ST
Mamografia digital
Padro alveolar
Intersticial
Pneumonia lobar
Broncopneumonia
Pneumonia intersticial
Edema / Cardiomegalia
Neuroblastoma
Timoma
Tumor neurognico
Embolia / Infarto
Pulmonar
Carcinoma
Pulmonar
Osteoporose