METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER III

I. Research Design
II.Sampling Method
III. Data Collection
Methods
IV. Instrumentation

RESEARCH DESIGN
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
PERSONAL INTERVIEW
TELEPHONE INTERVIEW
ONLINE SURVEY

SAMPLING METHOD
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
- used when the randomly selected
sample is a truly representation of
each segment of the population.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
- is used when the sample cannot
represent each element of the population
because of some constraints

TABLE OF SAMPLING METHODS

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Simple random sampling

Each member of the population has

an equal chance to be included in
the study.

Stratified random sampling

Members from each of the strata

are of equal size and are randomly
selected to make up the sample.

Proportional stratified sampling

Samples are selected accordingly

with proportions of each stratum.

Cluster sampling

Members of the cluster derived

from a larger area are randomly
selected.

Systematic sampling

Members that make a sample are

selected based on predetermined
sequence.

NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Convenience Sampling

Readily available members

of the population
participate in the study.

Quota Sampling

Selection of the
respondents is based on
the same proportion in
the strata.
Respondents are selected
purposively for their
expertise.

Purposive Sampling

Snowball sampling

Respondents are those who

only meet the inclusion
of the criteria and
complete the sample size.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

Observation
Interview
Documentary analysis
Survey questionnaire
Experimentation

INSTRUMENTATION

INSTRUMENTS

are tools or
devices which are used to
collect the necessary
information

 Constructing a Questionnaire
I. Stating Questions
1. Use affirmative questions.
2. Use natural questions.
3. Use short, simple, clear language or
words.
4. Avoid ambiguous, unwarranted
assumptions.
5. Avoid giving clues to derive
preferred answers.
6. Avoid double negatives.
7. Avoid two questions stated as one.
8. Base your questions on the research
problem.
9. Arrange your questions logically.

II. Eliciting Responses

1. Close-ended questions may vary in
response

Alternative Response Yes/No, True or

False

Multiple Choice a, b, c, d, e
Check/Tick Response
Rank or Order Response 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

 Drafting the Questionnaire

1. Include the following:
- Research Title
- Respondents Demographics (name, age, sex,
status, education, etc.)
- General Instructions
- Legend, Scale, Checklist
- Answer sheet or spaces provided for answers
- Cover letter
2. Make the questionnaire from professional looking
by neatness.
3. Use the standard font, font size, color and
paper.
4. Present the questionnaire neatly and make it
reader-friendly.
5. Ask professors advice regarding content and
clarity.
6. Conduct a trial run.

CHAPTER III
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Research Locale
Research Subjects
Data Sources
Research Instrument
Data Presentation and
Analysis