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Overview
Controller
Process
Output
Feedback system
A feedback loop is a common and powerful tool when designing a control system.
Feedback loops take the system output into consideration, which enables the
system to adjust its performance to meet a desired output response.
A closed loop controller therefore has a feedback loop which ensures the controller
exerts a control action to give a process output the same as the "Reference input"
or "set point".
Positive Feedback
Afeedbackcontrolsystemseekstobringthemeasured
quantitytoitsrequiredvalueorset-point.
Thecontrolsystemdoesnotneedtoknowwhythemeasured
valueisnotcurrentlywhatisrequired,
onlythatisso.
Therearetwopossiblecausesofsuchadisparity:
- Thesystemhasbeendisturbed.
- Thesetpointhaschanged.Intheabsenceofexternal
disturbance,achangeinsetpointwill
introduceanerror. Thecontrolsystemwillactuntilthemeasuredquantity
reachitsnewsetpoint.
Hvac System
Figure 2: Open-loop
block diagram
In open-loop control, the designer assumes that there is a fixed
relationship between outside air temperature and the
building's heating requirement
Controller Algorithm
Before I introduce to you about various controllers in detail, it is very essential to know
the uses of controllers in the theory of control systems. The important uses of the
controllers are written below:
1. Controllers improve steady state accuracy by decreasing the steady state errors.
2. As the steady state accuracy improves, the stability also improves.
3. They also help in reducing the offsets produced in the system.
4. Maximum overshoot of the system can be controlled using these controllers.
5. They also help in reducing the noise signals produced in the system.
6. Slow response of the over damped system can be made faster with the help of
these controllers.
END