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Solar Thermal Technologies

Mr.SHAMSUNDAR SUBBARAO
B.E.( Mechanical),
M.S.C( Engg) -Renewable Energy, Uni. of Oldenburg, Germany.
(PhD )

Associate professor, Dept Of Mechanical Engineering,


&
DIRECTOR, NIE-CREST.
NIE-Centre For Renewable Energy & Sustainable Technologies. &
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysore , India. The National Institute of Engineering, Mysore ,
India.
Tel: +91 (0) 821- 4004914. Mob. +91 9972695511
www.niecrest.in www.nie.ac.in/crest
E-mails: sham.niecrest@gmail.com
12/6/16

By :Shamsundar, Director ,NIE-CREST, NIE,


Mysore.

Solar Thermal
Technologies

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE, Mysore.

Solar Energy
1) Solar Energy is very large.
2) The Extraterrestrial radiation per m2 is
around 1300 W/m2.
3) It is the most promising energy source.
4) Environmentally clean source of energy .
5) Free and available in adequate quantities.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar Energy
Problems:
1) Dilute source of energy.
2) Total radiation over a day is at best 7KWh/m2.
3) Large collection area is required Excessive cost.
4) Availability varies widely with time.
5) Energy must be stored for duration sun not
available- Increases cost of the system.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar Thermal Application:


1) Water heating.
2) Space Heating
3) Power generation.
4) Space cooling & Refrigeration.
5) Distillation.
6) Drying.
7) Cooking.
Natural circulation system
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar Energy Thermal application


Thermal Collection:
Liquid flat plate collector:
Expose a dark surface to solar radiation Radiation is
absorbed.
*A part of radiation is transferred to a fluid air or water.
* When no optical concentration is done the device in
which the collection is achieved is called a Flat Plate
Collector.
Simple in design, no moving parts, requires less
maintenance.
Temp. range 40C to 100C.
* Water is the most common liquid used.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Natural Circulation Water Heating system.

For Domestic purpose.

Main components:

1) Liquid flat plate collector 2) Storage tank.


)

Storage tank Located above the level of collector.

Working Principle : Thermosyphon system - Solar Energy Heats the water


in collector density of water decreases moves up stored in insulated
storage tank replaced by cold water from bottom of the tank Hot water
for use is withdrawn from top of the tank.

Auxiliary heating system can be provided for use in cloudy days.

Systems of capacity 100 lts, 200 lts etc.

Area of collector 2m2 for 100 lts.

Temp. of water delivered - 50C to 80C .

Cost around Rs.150 per liter.


S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Natural Circulation - Solar Water Heating.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Liquid flat plate collector


S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Liquid flat plate collector


S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Natural Circulation Solar Water Heating system

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC)

In this type of Collector, the Absorber is inside an air-evacuated glass


tube, and, compared to a Flat-Plate Collector, energy loss can be further
reduced .Because of their high Efficiency, evacuated-tube collectors also
work on slightly cloudy days.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Collector cum storage type Solar water heater.


Simple in design. collector & storage tank is combined as one unit.
Features Consists of Closed shallow rectangular box made of steel metal
Box is contained in housing glass cover insulated at the sides and
bottom . Water is filled in the morning which heats up through the day & is
withdrawn in the evening .
These systems are less costly than Natural circulation system but has less
efficiency and yields slightly lower temperature.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Industrial Solar Water Heating System Closed Loop Configuration.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Industrial Solar Water Heating System Closed Loop Configuration.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Industrial Solar Water Heating System Closed Loop Configuration.

For Large amount of Hot water Natural


Circulation system in not suitable .
Industrial system Large arrays of Flat plate
collectors are used Forced circulation is
maintained with a water pump.
No restriction of storage tank to be at a higher level
than collector.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Industrial Solar Water Heating System Closed Loop Configuration.

Working principle Water is Pumped through a


collector array where it is heated flows back
into storage tank whenever hot water is
withdrawn for use cold make up water takes its
place because of the ball float control valve.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Industrial Solar Water Heating System Closed Loop Configuration.

Pump is operated by on-off controller which senses the


difference between the temperature of water at the exit
of the collector and inside the storage tank.
Provision is also made for auxiliary heater.
Systems are suitable for Factories , hospitals , hotels ,
hostels etc.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Industrial Solar Water Heating System Open Loop Configuration.

*Water flows from Cold water tank collector Hot water storage.
* Flow rate is adjusted to meet the Temp. Requirement.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar Air Heaters

* These collectors are used to generate hot air.


The construction of air heaters are similar to flat plate collectors except for
the passage through which air flows.
* The air passage is simply a parallel plate duct.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar Air Heater


S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Space heating using Liquid Flat Plate Collector

* Water heated in solar collector (A) stored in tank (B) Energy is


transferred to the air Circulating in the House by Heat exchanger( E).Two pumps (C) provide forced circulation provision for Auxiliary Heat.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Space Heating using Solar Air Heaters

Heat Air Directly in the collector as shown in the Diagram.


Heat is stored in the tank packed with Rock, Gravel or Pebbles.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Space Heating by Passive Method The Trombe Wall

Passive Method Thermal energy flows through a living space by natural


means without the help of a Mechanical device like a pump or a blower.
The system above is designed by. Felix Trombe, France.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Trombe wall demonstrated at a house in Wales (UK).

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

A Trombe wall is a sun-facing wall built from


material that can act as a thermal mass (such
as stone, concrete, adobe or water tanks),
combined with an air space, insulated glazing
and vents to form a large solar thermal
collector.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Construction The south facing wall of the


house is double glazed behind it is a thick ,
black concrete wall which absorbs solar
radiation & serves as a thermal storage. Vents
A & B are provided near the top &
bottom of the storage wall. These vents can be
kept open or Closed .

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Space Heating:
During day both vents A & B are kept open.
Air between inner glazing and wall gets heated flows to the
living space through the top vent Simultaneously the cool air
from the room is pulled out of the living space through the
bottom vent Natural circulation path is set up.
Some energy transfer also takes place by radiation from the inner
surface of the storage wall.
During night both the vents are closed and energy transfer takes
place only by radiation.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Summer Ventilation:
Trombe wall can also be used for summer ventilation.
On a hot summer day, vents B,C & D would be kept open
while vent A would be kept closed.
The hot air generated will flow out through vent C
drawing air from the living space to replace it. this in
turn would cause air to be pulled in from the outside
through the vent D.
The vent D should be located such that the air comes
from a cool area.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar Distillation unit


S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

SOLAR DISTILLATION UNIT


AT HAVELOCK ISLANDS ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar Distillation:
At Many places natural supply of fresh water is inadequate
Barkish or saline water not fit for drinking.
Solar distillation can provide drinking quality water.
Principle: Solar Still The plant consists of shallow air tight
basin lined with a black, impervious material which contains the
saline water. A sloping transparent cover is provided at the top .
Solar radiation is transmitted through the cover & is absorbed in
the black lining this heats up the water and causes it to
evaporate.
Vapour rises and condenses as pure water on the underside of the
cover and flows into the condensate collection channels on the
sides.
Output around 3 liters/m2.
Efficiency 30 to 35%.
Bhavnagar, India 5000 lts/day plant.- first plant in 1978.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar Drying
Solar Energy drying of agriculture products.
Drying process removes moisture and helps in preservation of products.
Traditional drying open ground. The process is slow insects and dust
gets mixed with products. These disadvantages can be solved by solar
drier.
Better quality product is also obtained.

Solar cabinet dryer


S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar cabinet dryer:

Suitable for small scale use.


Drier consist of enclosure with transparent cover.
Material to be dried is placed on perforated trays.
Solar radiation entering the enclosure is absorbed in the
product itself and surrounding internal surface of the
enclosure moisture is removed from the product and the air
inside is heated- suitable openings at the bottom & top ensure
a natural circulation.
Temperature ranging from 50 to 80C are usually attained.
Drying time range from 2 to 4 days.
Products such as dates, apricots, chillies, grapes etc. can be
dried.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Forced Circulation Drier- Direct gain.


For large scale drying forced circulation driers are used.
Systems of this type have been used for drying timber.

Forced circulation Indirect gain.


This type of device is used when solar radiation falling directly on the
product is not adequate, or the temperature of the product needs to be
controlled.
Here the air is heated separately in a array of solar air heaters and then
ducted to the chamber in which the product to be dried is stored.
The driers are suitable for food grains and products like tea and tobacco.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Forced Circulation Drier Direct gain

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Forced Circulation Drier Indirect Gain

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Power Generation using Solar Energy


Important application of solar energy.
Solar Thermal power cycles
1) Low temp. Cycle work at Max. temp. of 100C.
2) Medium Temp. Cycle Work at Max. Temp. of up to 400C.
3) High Temp. Cycle Work at Max. temp. of above 400C.
Low temp- system uses Flat plate collectors or solar ponds, or solar
chimneys.
Medium temp. cycle uses the line focusing parabolic collector
technology.
High Temp. system uses either paraboloidal dish collectors or central
receivers located at the top of the towers.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar Concentrating Collectors

When temperature higher than 100 Degree


Centigrade are required it becomes necessary to
concentrate the solar radiation.
This is achieved using focusing or concentrating
collectors.
The collector consists of concentrator and a receiver.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar Concentrating Collectors


CYLINDRICAL PARABOLIC CONCENTRATING
COLLECTOR
The concentrator is a mirror reflector shape cylindrical
parabola.
Concentrator focuses sunlight onto its axis absorbed by
surface of absorber tube - transferred to the fluid flowing
through it.
Concentric glass tube around absorber tube reduce
convective & radiative losses to surroundings.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

CYLINDRICAL PARABOLIC
CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR

* Tracking to be done Concentrator to be rotated sunrays always focused on


absorber plate.
Rotation about single axis is achieved.
Fluid temperature up to 400 Degree Centigrade is achieved.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Cylindrical concentratic collector

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Cylindrical & Paraboloid concentratic collector


S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Paraboloid collector.
For Temperatures higher than 400C paraboloid
reflectors can be used.
These reflectors have Point Focus.
Two axis Tracking system the sun is in line with focus
and the vertex of the paraboloid.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Paraboloid collector.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Paraboloid concentratic collector

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

BOX TYPE SOLAR COOKER

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

BOX TYPE SOLAR COOKER

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Box type solar cookers.


Important application of solar energy- Cooking.
Box type cooker essentially consists of a rectangular enclosure
insulated on the bottom and sides and having one or two glass covers on
the top.
Working principle : Solar radiation enters through the top heats up the
enclosure in which food is placed in a shallow vessel .
Temperature of around 100 can be obtained on sunny days.
Pulses, rice , vegetables, etc. can be cooked in 1 to 2 Hours.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,

These cookers
cannot be used for cooking items like chapathi, poori etc.
Mysore.

Concentrated energy based Solar scheffler Cooker.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Schematic diagram of the Scheffler concentrating cooker

S.Shamsundar, NIE, Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, NIE, Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Wolfgang Scheffler is the inventor/promoter of Scheffler Community


Kitchens--large parabolic dishes for community kitchens, bakeries, etc.
Over 2000 large cookers have been built distributed worldwide .
The specific design principle of the Scheffler Parabolic Solar Cooker
is that the parabolic reflector rotates whilst reflecting the sunshine in a
fixed direction.
The consequence is a concentrated ray of sunshine which is directed
into the kitchen where a downstream reflector redirects the
concentrated sunshine onto the bottom of the solar cookware thereby
inducing heat and cooking.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

12/6/16

By :Shamsundar, Director ,NIE-CREST, NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar Steam Cooking System , Mount Abu, Rajasthan

solar steam cooking system for preparing meals for around 10, 000 people
S.Shamsundar, NIE, Mysore.

Low Temperature Power Generation Cycle using Flat plate collectors:


Working principle : Energy of sun collected by Liquid flat plate collector
booster mirrors are used Hot water at temp. close to 100C is stored in a
well insulated storage tank.
Hot water flows through a vapour generator through which working
fluid of the Rankine cycle is also passed.
The working fluid has low boiling point.
The vapour generated then executes a regular rankine cycle by flowing
through a prime mover, a condenser and a liquid pump.
Organic fluids like Methyl chloride, or refrigerants like R-!!, R-113, R114 are used as working fluid.
Overall efficiency of the system is very low.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

The Temperature difference between the vapour leaving the


generator and the condensed liquid leaving the condenser is
small.

The Rankine cycle efficiency is around 7 to 8%.


The efficiency of collector system is around 25%.
Overall efficiency is 2%.
Solar Ponds can be used instead of lat plate collector Cost
is reduced!.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Low Temperature thermal power plant systems:


Works on Rakine cycle

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Medium Temperature system using parabolic concentrating collector.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Medium Temperature system using parabolic concentrating collector.


Uses Line focusing parabolic collector technology at a Temp. of about 400C.
Many plats set up by LUZ International at California. total 354 MW.
The absorber tube is made of steel and has a special selective surface. It is
surrounded by a glass cover with a Vacuum.
The collector heats a synthetic oil to a Temp. of 400 C.
Collector efficiency is around 70%.
Rankine cycle efficiency is around 38%.
Plant produces electricity for 8 Hours/day and is coupled with natural gas for
continuous operation.
Cost of plant around 3000 us Dollars per KW.
Current generating cost is around 8 cents /Kwh.
No commercial power plant in India.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

High Temperature systems


1) Paraboloidal Dish concept.
2) Central Receiver concept.
Paraboloidal Dish concept.
The concentrator tracks the sun by rotating about two axis and sun rays
are brought to point focus.
A fluid flowing through a receiver at the focus is heated and this heat is
used to drive a prime mover.
The systems have efficiency up to 30%.
Limitations on the size of the concentrator.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Central Receiver Power Plant

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Central receiver Power Plants.

Solar Radiation reflected from array of large mirrors


( Called Heliostats) is concentrated on a receiver situated at
the top of supporting tower.
A fluid flowing through the receiver absorbs the
concentrated radiation and transports it to the ground where
it is used to operate a Rankine power cycle or The receiver
is used to heat a liquid metal or molten salt and this fluid is
passed through a heat exchanger in which steam for the
power cycle is generated.
Power plants with output ranging from 0.5MW to 10 MW
Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
has been built.S.Shamsundar,
Mysore.

Central Receiver solar power plant

10MW Solar Power tower, Barstow, USA.


S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Concentrating solar power plant, USA

Concentrating solar power plant, SPAIN

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Dish-Stirling Systems- SPAIN

DishStirling systems can be used to generate electricity in the kilowatts


range.
A parabolic concave mirror (the dish) concentrates sunlight;
In the focus is a receiver which is heated up to 650C.
The absorbed heat drives a Stirling motor, which converts the heat into
motive energy and drives a generator to produce electricity.
If sufficient sunlight is not available, combustion heat from either fossil
fuels or biofuels can also drive the Stirling engine and generate
electricity.
The system efficiency
of Director,
DishStirling
systems
can reach 20%
S.Shamsundar,
NIE-CREST
,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar pond

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

A solar pond is large-scale solar energy collector with


integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. A
solar pond can be used for various applications, such
as process heating, water desalination, refrigeration,
drying and Solar power generation.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

SOLAR POND:
A solar pond is a pool of water which collects and stores solar energy.
It contains layers of salt solutions with increasing concentration (and
therefore density) to a certain depth, below which the solution has a uniform
high salt concentration.
When solar radiation (sunlight) is absorbed, the density gradient prevents
heat in the lower layers from moving upwards by convection and leaving the
pond. This means that the temperature at the bottom of the pond will rise to
over 90 C while the temperature at the top of the pond is usually around 30
C.
The heat trapped in the salty bottom layer can be used for many different
purposes, such as the heating of buildings or industrial hot water or to drive
a turbine for generating electricity.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Advantages and disadvantages


The approach is particularly attractive for rural areas in developing
countries. Very large area collectors can be set up for just the cost of the
clay or plastic pond liner.
The evaporated surface water needs to be constantly replenished.
The accumulating salt crystals have to be removed and can be both a
valuable by-product and a problem.
Efficiency
The energy obtained is in the form of low grade heat of 70 to 80 C compared
to a 20 C ambient temperature, which has an CARNOT CYCLE extractable
efficiency of :
1-(273.15+20)/(273.15+80)=15%.
By comparison a solar concentrator system with molten salt delivering high
grade heat at 800 C would be able to convert 73% of absorbed solar heat
into useful work, and be forced to divest only 27% as waste heat to the cold
temperature reservoir.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar Pond at Buj, Gujrath

* Salt gradient solar pont at Buj, Gujrath. Capacity 80,000 Liters per
day at about 70C.
* Dimension : 100 M long, 60M wide, 3.5 M deep.
* Hot water is delivered to the Kutch Dairy plant to be used as preheated boiler feed water as well as for cleaning and washing.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

The El Paso Solar Pond research, development, and demonstration project


initiated by the University of Texas at El Paso in 1983. It has operated since May 1986
and has successfully shown that process heat, electricity, and fresh water can be
produced in the southwestern United States using solar pond technology. An organic
Rankine-cycle engine generator was installed on site in 1986, making it the first in the
U.S. to generate grid connected power, producing up to 70kW. Most of this power has
been delivered to Bruce Foods Corporation for peak power shaving. This demonstrates
one of the primary benefits of solar ponds: power on demand -- even at night or after
long periods of cloudy
weather. Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
S.Shamsundar,
Mysore.

This solar pond (pictured above) in Israel is capable of producing up to


150 kilowatts of electricity and is able to produce at a price comparable
to traditional forms of electricity production.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar Chimney Power Plant

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Construction:
A tall central chimney is surrounded at its base by a circular green house
consisting of transparent cover supported a few meters above the ground by
a metal frame.
Working principle:
Sunlight passes through the transparent cover air trapped in the green
house heats up.- convection system is set up turns a turbine located near
the base of the chimney The hot air is continuously replenished by fresh
air drawn in at the periphery of the green house.
50Kw Pilot plant in Spain 200 mts High Chimney , diameter 10.3 m.
solar collector area extends to an radius of 126 m from the chimney with
the glazing being 2mt above the ground. Turbine has four 5m long blades
and rotates at 1500 rpm.
Overall efficiency is around 1%.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar Chimney Power Plant

* The first Solar Chimney Power Plant was built and commissioned in 1983,
in Manzanares, Spain. The project was funded by a research grant awarded
by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology .

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Proposed Solar Chimney Power plant State of New south Wales


,Australia.

* Budget: US Dollars 57 Million .


Worlds largest solar power station.
Capacity 50 MW.
Height 1,600 ft.
S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,
Mysore.

Solar Absorption Refrigeration System

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar absorption refrigeration system.


Water is heated in a flat plate collector array- passed through a heat
exchanger called the generator water transfers heat to a sloution
mixture of the absorbent and refrigerant which is rich in the
refrigerant.
Refrigerant vapour is boiled off at a high pressure and goes to
condenser(2) where it is condensed into a high pressure liquid.
The high pressure liquid is throttled into a low pressure and
temperature in an expansion valve and passes through the evaporator
coil- here , the refrigerant vapour absorbs heat and cooling is therefore
obtained in the space surrounding the coil.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Solar absorption refrigeration system.( cont..)


The refrigerant vapour is now absorbed into a solution mixture
withdrawn from the generator, which is weak in refrigerant
concentration. This yields a rich solution which is pumped back to the
generator, thereby completing the cycle
The rich solution flowing from the absorber to the generator is usually
heated in a heat exchanger by the weak solution withdrawn from the
generator. This helps to improve the performance of the cycle.
Common refrigerant absorbent combinations used are ammonia-water,
water-lithium bromide.
Typical COP : 0.5 to 0.8.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Vapour Absorption
Refrigeration System

Vapour Absorption Refrigeration

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

Vapour Compression Refrigeration

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

BIOMASS/solar POWERED
HYBRID VAPOUR
ABSORPTION
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

Under the guidance of


S.Shamsundar
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE, Mysore

Team Members
Akshay Y R
4NI08ME007

Ashish P Bharath Kumar


4NI08ME014

Nithin Madhav
4NI08ME071

Pranav Y V
4NI08ME079

VIIIth semester, 'B' Section, 2011-12

The Fabricated Vapour Absorption Refrigeration


System
Radiator
and
Condense
r

Generator
Frame

Absorber
Tank
Refrigerated
Space

THANK YOU
( Completion of Unit 2 .)

S.Shamsundar, Director, NIE-CREST ,NIE,


Mysore.

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