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packaging

BUSINESS PROJECT
Guided by:
Mrs.Swati Bhargava

Made byAmisha Pawar.


Khushi Agrawal
Manasvi Wagh
Manisha Thapa
Himani Khandelwal

Introduction:
Packaging is one of most important parts of

marketing. As clothing is for humans ,packaging is


for products.
Packaging refers to the act of designing and
producing the container or wrapper of a product.
Packaging plays an important roal in determining
customers attitude towards the product sometimes
by looking at the packaging the customer tries to
access the product quality. Attractive packaging is
one of the important factors in success of a product
and perform better .

Levels of
packaging
1. Primary Packaging
2.

Secondary Packaging
3. Transportation
Packaging

Primary Package

Primary Packaging

It refers to the products for


immediate container.
Example:- Toothpaste
,Colgate, Pepsodent etc

Secondary Packaging
It refers to additional layer
of protection that are kept
till the product are ready
for use.
Example:- A toothpaste
tube comes in a cardboard
box. When a consumer
using the toothpaste he
disposes of box but retain
the primary tube.

Transportation Packaging
It refers to further
packaging necessary
for storage a
transportation .
Example:- A
toothpaste
manufacture may send
the goods to retailer in
a carbolated box.

Functions
of
packaging

Product
Identification :Packaging greatly helps in identification of
product. A nivea jar can be easily identified
by its blue colour packaging. It give the
product unique identify.

Product Protection

:-

Packaging protects the contects of a product


from spoilage, breakage , leckage , forage ,
damage climatic effect etc. This kind of
protection is required doing storing distribution
and transportation of product.

Facilitating use of
product :The size and shape of
package should be such
that it should be
convinent to open
handler & use for the
consumer.

Product

Promotion :-

Packaging is also used for


promoting purposes . An
attractive colour , photograph or
typephase many be used to
draw attention for people at
purchasing time. Packaging
makes product to look different
& unique with different product
that people attracted towards it
& products get promoted.

Evaluation of
packaging :From the very beginning, packaging has been
involving and will keep on involving with changing
due to its influency perceptions.
The History of packaging dates back to ancient times
when natural materials such as leaves from trees ,
woven baskets or a animal skin for used to store
goods.

Time line of major development


and innovation in Packaging.
Period

Packaging Method

3000 -1500 BC

Terracotta Vessel

1200 BC

Glass Jars

1035 AD

First recorded use of paper

Middle Ages

Wooden Barrels most common


way of preserving and
transporting goods

1764

Stuff sold in metal tins .

Early 1900s

Wooden Crates and boxes


replaced by corrugated.

Early 1920s

Invention of transparent
cellopan

1940s

Development of packaging of
frozen foods.

Period

Packaging Method

1952

Aerosal cans introduced to the


mass market.

1960s

Aluminium Drinks Cans became


popular

1961

Aseptic cartons invented & have


been used for precerving long
life milk ever sins

1977

Most commonly used plastics ,


Polythyn , terypthalate (PETE)
Development.

WOODEN CRATES
Wooden Crates was earlier
considered the best means of
packaging fruits & vegetables to
be transported as they wereReadily & cheaply available.
were tough and durable enough
to handle & the whole
transportation process. But, with
the passage of time increased
use of good created issues.

CARDBOARD CRATES

By

the Early 1900s wooden Crates & boxes were being


replaced by corrugulated papers & shipping cartoons
due to their ease of use & low cast. The Strength
lightness & Cheapness of this materials make it very
useful for shipping & strong. Today , cardboard boxes
more accurately called c-fluite corrugated paper board
cartoons are used universally for transporting fruits &
vegetables & others products.

PLASTIC CRATES
The fruits and vegetables
industry in extending its use
to plastic crates.
Using plastic crates is one of
the efficent methods of
transporting them through all
links of distribution chain.
Circulation is necessary in
fruits & vegetables industry .
In a vented Plastic Crates the
product can live longer , thus
ensuring fresh delievery to
market.

Carry bag
Conumdrum
The packaging industry targeting

the small industry has witnessed


a major change and chorning
during the last 3 decades.
The carry bag mainly use by
consumer to carry grocery or
small item has seen indence
competition between paper bag ,
plastic bag and cloth bag.
The battle for market share is
being fought mainly
environmental line though cost
and conveniance also remain
significant issues.

Paper Bag
Before there were paper bags , people would
bring a container to hold the things they
bought in the market, possibly a basket. If the
customer did not have a container, the
storekeeper would twist sumo paper together
to hold the purchase. This was called
cornucophia they were the first paper bag.

Plastic bags
Plastic

shopping bag,
carries bags or plastic
grocery bag are a type of
shopping bag made from
various kinds of plastic . In
use by consumer
worldwide. Since the 1960,
these bags are sometimes
called single use bags ,
referring to carrying out
items from store to home.

Cloth Bag
Cloth

bags are promoted


as the greenest option
for carrying bag compare
to plastic and paper bags.
These bag can reuse and
last long. However one
time purchase cost is
high. Compare to paper
or plastic bags even
though life time cost may
be lower.

Changing milk
packaging
The innovation of packaging of milk has been
dependent upon changes in technology for old
chain supply .

Milk in bottles*Advantages:
1. Bottles can be reuse.
2. Easy to sanitize.
*Disadvantages:
3. Heavy
4. Easy to break

Milk in Plastic Container & Pouch


Easy

to mould & transport.


Lighter than glass.
Cheaper to produce.
Convinent.
Shelter Proof.

Milk in Tetra Pack


Can

be recycled.
Userfriendly.
Attractive design possible , then
effective use of space & materials
, efficency and in storage and
distribution.

Milk through Vending


Machine
More

suitable for distribution in a


cluster of consumer.
Reduced cost of packaging &
transport.
The first significant development in
packaging of milk for retail sail came
at the very beginning of last sanctuary
with introduction of the process of
sternalized milk in which the retail
cantainer. the glass bottle , formed an
integral & essential part.

VENDING MACHINE

Reuse of packaging.
Reuse is to use an item again after it has been used.
This include conventional reuse where the item is
used again for the same function.
Tin boxes , glass jars , plastic bottles are example of
packaging which can be reused for storage of various
hints after the primary product contained in package
is finished.
There are two dominant consumer maintained i.e.
one like to consult and reuse and other tend to use
and throw. The dominant behavior depend on
lifestyle and income endorse with busy lifestyle &
higher income tend to leave towards the latter

Concept of Pyramid
packaging for milk.
The concept of pyramid packaging has
evolved in the ongoing effort to further
efficency in packaging technology for
the same volume. A tetrahydral
pyramid uses less cardboard than a
cuboid & therefore is more cost efficent.

Cost of packaging &


who pays it.

Cost of packaging is an
important factor in
determining the type of
packaging used other than
the cost of manufacturing the
package , the type of
package also influences the
cost of storage and
transportation. The type of
container or package can also
increase cost due to high
spoilage more space greater
weight , breakage etc.

The average packaging cost comes to about 9%


of amount once spent on ones product.
The extent to which the cost is shared between
the consumer and manufacturer depends upon Type of materials used & possibility for reuse.
Type of competition in market.
Consumer are now better educated , wealthy &
have high expectations.

Conclusion
It has been observed from above
that
*scope of marketing of products
has increase due to new
innovation in their packaging.
*increase in cost of packaging
increase the price of the product.
So due care should be taken
while planning the nature & type
of packaging.

Thank you!!

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